ReviewBMC medicine2019
ApoE4: an emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
Review in BMC medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 251 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 446 citations in OpenAlex.
- APOE ε4 and Dietary Patterns in Relation to Cognitive Function: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Deregulated mitochondrial microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on synapse and mitochondria.Ageing research reviews · 2022Pooled it
- CNS target engagement of high-dose DHA supplementation in older adults at risk for dementia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.EBioMedicine · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of the novel GlyT1 inhibitor BI 425809 in Alzheimer's dementia: a randomized controlled trial.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Effects of an essential amino acid mixture on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and executive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory clinical trial.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2022Trial
- IMMUND: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pipeline to Uncover the Convergence in Functional Perturbation at Early Stages of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis Based on Protein Markers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting Mitochondria in Aging-Related Diseases: Therapeutic Potential and Obstacles.MedComm · 2026Review
- Review
- In Vivo 4D Oxy-Wavelet MRI as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Brain Mitochondrial Function across the Lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Imaging-genetics-based dementia risk prediction using deep survival neural networks in the Rotterdam Study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Structural Change of ApoE-Lipid Nanoparticles Alters Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Induces Endosomal Disruption.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Systems biology of Alzheimer's Disease: a scoping review of key pathways and mechanisms.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- Circ-FoxO3 alleviates APOE4-induced brain pathology through FoxO3-mediated autophagy.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- The APOE4-estrogen-microglia axis in perimenopausal cognitive changes: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oculomics: advances and perspectives from traditional Chinese medicine to modern multimodal biomarkers.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Toward personalized medicine in AD/ADRD through genetic-exposome dementia risk assessments.NPJ dementia · 2026Review
- A DTI-Radiomics and Clinical Integration Model for Predicting MCI-to-AD Progression Using Corpus Callosum Features.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Article
- ApoE expression across the CNS: Who, What, Where, When, and How (much)?Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Review
- APOE4 differentially alters lipid composition in extracellular vesicles from hiPSC-derived neurons of Alzheimer's disease patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe growing body of evidence indicating the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), coupled with disappointing clinical studies directed at a fit-for-all therapy, suggest that the development of a single magic cure suitable for all cases may not be possible. This calls for a shift in paradigm where targeted treatment is developed for specific AD subpopulations that share distinct genetic or pathological properties. Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), the most prevalent genetic risk factor of AD, is expressed in more than half of AD patients and is thus an important possible AD therapeutic target. REVIEW: This review focuses initially on the pathological effects of apoE4 in AD, as well as on the corresponding cellular and animal models and the suggested cellular and molecular mechanisms which mediate them. The second part of the review focuses on recent apoE4-targeted (from the APOE gene to the apoE protein and its interactors) therapeutic approaches that have been developed in animal models and are ready to be translated to human. Further, the issue of whether the pathological effects of apoE4 are due to loss of protective function or due to gain of toxic function is discussed herein. It is possible that both mechanisms coexist, with certain constituents of the apoE4 molecule and/or its downstream signaling mediating a toxic effect, while others are associated with a loss of protective function.
conclusionApoE4 is a promising AD therapeutic target that remains understudied. Recent studies are now paving the way for effective apoE4-directed AD treatment approaches.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.