ReviewBrain sciences2019
Maturational Changes in Prefrontal and Amygdala Circuits in Adolescence: Implications for Understanding Fear Inhibition during a Vulnerable Period of Development.
Review in Brain sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analytic investigation of grey matter differences in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2022Pooled it
- Hypothesis on PTSD Pathophysiology: Role of CRH, Noradrenaline, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in an Amygdala-Centered Closed-Loop System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparison of stress sources and coping strategies in children practicing judo and their non-training peers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Maternal Acrylamide Exposure Modulates Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons in the Subiculum and Hippocampus of Rat Offspring.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- The Impact of Smartphone Use on Brain Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review.Pediatric reports · 2026Review
- Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction as a Precipitating Factor for Schizophrenia and Depression.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and amygdala underlies avoidance learning during adolescence: Implications for developmental psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- The adolescent football mind: how age and playing position influence competitive state anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive interference in Indian footballers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Inhibitory Systems in Brain Evolution: Pathways of Vulnerability in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Brain, behavior and evolution · 2025Review
- Aberrant glutamatergic systems underlying impulsive behaviors: Insights from clinical and preclinical research.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Neurocognitive functioning during adolescence: Spanish validation of the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2024Article
- The Association Between Prenatal Maternal Stress and Adolescent Affective Outcomes is Mediated by Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Behavioral Inhibition System Sensitivity.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
- Development of Prefrontal Circuits and Cognitive Abilities.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024Review
- Divergent reward cue representations in prefrontal cortex underlie differences in reward motivation between adolescents and adults.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- GABA system as the cause and effect in early development.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Ketamine's Amelioration of Fear Extinction in Adolescent Male Mice Is Associated with the Activation of the Hippocampal Akt-mTOR-GluA1 Pathway.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Reorganization of adolescent prefrontal cortex circuitry is required for mouse cognitive maturation.Neuron · 2024Article
- Young Adults with Anxiety Disorders Show Reduced Inhibition in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex at Higher Trait Anxiety Levels: A TMS-EEG Study.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Depression in adolescence and young adulthood: the difficulty to integrate motivational/emotional systems.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Neural patterns of threat response in adolescents predict vulnerability for and resilience against internalizing symptoms during COVID-19 waves.Neuroimage. Reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety disorders that develop in adolescence represent a significant burden and are particularly challenging to treat, due in no small part to the high occurrence of relapse in this age group following exposure therapy. This pattern of persistent fear is preserved across species; relative to those younger and older, adolescents consistently show poorer extinction, a key process underpinning exposure therapy. This suggests that the neural processes underlying fear extinction are temporarily but profoundly compromised during adolescence. The formation, retrieval, and modification of fear- and extinction-associated memories are regulated by a forebrain network consisting of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the amygdala, and the hippocampus. These regions undergo robust maturational changes in early life, with unique alterations in structure and function occurring throughout adolescence. In this review, we focus primarily on two of these regions-the PFC and the amygdala-and discuss how changes in plasticity, synaptic transmission, inhibition/excitation, and connectivity (including modulation by hippocampal afferents to the PFC) may contribute to transient deficits in extinction retention. We end with a brief consideration of how exposure to stress during this adolescent window of vulnerability can permanently disrupt neurodevelopment, leading to lasting impairments in pathways of emotional regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.