ReviewMedicinal research reviews2019
Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review.
Review in Medicinal research reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Reassessment of Historical Clinical Trials Supports the Effectiveness of Phage Therapy.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Dosing and delivery of bacteriophage therapy in a murine wound infection model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Approaching the post-antibiotic era: phage therapy current practices and future horizons.mBio · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage therapy for antimicrobial-resistant, biofilm‑associated diabetic foot infection: delivery routes, phage antibiotic synergy, and practical wound‑care integration.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of a phage-inclusive multimodal strategy for recurrent urinary tract infections.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Phage Therapy Enhanced by Using Engineered Bacteriophages: A Powerful Antibacterial Tool to Address the Dilemma Posed by Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pharmacology of Bacteriophage Therapy in Children: A Re-Emerging Paradigm in Antibacterial Therapy.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Synergistic potential of probiotics and bacteriophages in combating multidrug-resistant microbial infections: A novel therapeutic strategy for the post-antibiotic era.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Strong mucosal adhesion enhances the anti-infective effectiveness of T4-like phages.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Characterization and therapeutic potential of two Kayvirus phages against methicillin-resistant S. aureus in a rat myositis model.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Isolation, characterization, and proof of concept evaluation of serially adapted bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas9: Genome Engineering and Future Vaccine Applications.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Phage Therapy for Sustainable Sea Cucumber Aquaculture.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative Study of Bacteriophage Pharmacokinetics by Different Enteral Administration Routes.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- A review on antibiotic and non-antibiotic decolonization strategies of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.Infection · 2026Review
- Immune Responses to Phage Therapy in Humans: A Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- From hype to hope: reanimating phage therapy through evidence-based multidisciplinarity.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Reimagining Phage Therapy for MDR Pathogens: From Biobanks to Health System Integration-A Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents for Pulmonary Infections: From Biological Principles to Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteriophages are not forgotten viruses anymore: scientists and practitioners seek to understand phage pharmacokinetics in animals and humans, investigating bacteriophages as therapeutics, nanocarriers or microbiome components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that determine phage circulation, penetration, and clearance, and that in consequence determine phage applicability for medicine. It makes use of experimental data collected by the phage community so far (PubMed 1924-2016, including non-English reports), combining elements of critical and systematic review. This study covers phage ability to enter a system by various routes of administration, how (and if) the phage may access various tissues and organs, and finally what mechanisms determine the courses of phage clearance. The systematic review method was applied to analyze (i) phage survival in the gut (gut transit) and (ii) phage ability to enter the mammalian system by many administration routes. Aspects that have not yet been covered by a sufficient number of reports for mathematical analysis, as well as mechanisms underlying trends, are discussed in the form of a critical review. In spite of the extraordinary diversity of bacteriophages and possible phage applications, the analysis revealed that phage morphology, phage specificity, phage dose, presence of sensitive bacteria or the characteristics of treated individuals (age, taxonomy) may affect phage bioavailability in animals and humans. However, once phages successfully enter the body, they reach most organs, including the central nervous system. Bacteriophages are cleared mainly by the immune system: innate immunity removes phages even when no specific response to bacteriophages has yet developed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.