Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30886052›Full record

ArticleMolecular systems biology2019

Evidence that the human cell cycle is a series of uncoupled, memoryless phases.

Hui Xiao Chao, Randy I Fakhreddin, Hristo K Shimerov, Katarzyna M Kedziora, Rashmi J Kumar, Joanna Perez, Juanita C Limas, Gavin D Grant, Jeanette Gowen Cook, Gaorav P Gupta and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular systems biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Simulation-based inference captures non-Markovian effects as exemplified in protein production kinetics through cell division.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Spherical Manifolds Capture Drug-Induced Changes in Tumor Cell Cycle Behavior.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Cell cycle plasticity underlies fractional resistance to palbociclib in ER+/HER2- breast tumor cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  19. Spherical Rotation Dimension Reduction with Geometric Loss Functions.Journal of machine learning research : JMLR · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hui Xiao ChaoDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Randy I FakhreddinDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Hristo K ShimerovDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Katarzyna M KedzioraDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Rashmi J KumarDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8742-2753
Joanna PerezDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Juanita C LimasDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6384-8787
Gavin D GrantDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8958-2056
Jeanette Gowen CookDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Gaorav P GuptaLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jeremy E PurvisDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA jeremy_purvis@med.unc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6963-0524

Funding

Virology Research Program (Program 4)P30CA016086 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI David Darr · 1985 to 2026
$201.5M
Integrated Training in Cancer Model SystemsT32CA009156 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DER, CHANNING J. · 1985 to 2020
$19.7M
UNC Initiative for Maximizing Student DevelopmentR25GM055336 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI COOK, JEANETTE GOWEN, KASH, THOMAS L. · 1996 to 2023
$12.1M
PREDOCTORAL TRAINING IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIST32GM007040 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI NICHOLAS, ROBERT A · 1985 to 2019
$6.0M
UNC PREP in the Biomedical Sciences - Administrative SupplementR25GM089569 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ROBINSON, DONITA L, RODRIGUEZ-ROMAGUERA, JOSE · 2010 to 2024
$5.6M
CANCER CELL BIOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMT32CA071341 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CHANNING J. DER, Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta · 1996 to 2026
$5.0M
Replication Licensing and the Cell CycleR01GM083024 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI COOK, JEANETTE GOWEN · 2009 to 2020
$2.9M
Post-Translational Regulation of DNA Replication Origin Licensing in Human CellsR01GM102413 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI COOK, JEANETTE GOWEN · 2013 to 2021
$2.5M
Controlling Stem Cell Fate through Computational ModelingDP2HD091800 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI PURVIS, JEREMY · 2016 to 2018
$2.3M
Defining the quantitative relationship between DNA damage and cell cycle dynamics in CUL9-deficient cellsF30CA213876 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CHAO, HUI XIAO · 2017 to 2020
$158k
NCI NIH HHS F30 CA213876NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016086NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009156NCI NIH HHS T32 CA071341NICHD NIH HHS DP2 HD091800NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083024NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM102413NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM055336NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM089569NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The cell cycle is canonically described as a series of four consecutive phases: G1, S, G2, and M. In single cells, the duration of each phase varies, but the quantitative laws that govern phase durations are not well understood. Using time-lapse microscopy, we found that each phase duration follows an Erlang distribution and is statistically independent from other phases. We challenged this observation by perturbing phase durations through oncogene activation, inhibition of DNA synthesis, reduced temperature, and DNA damage. Despite large changes in durations in cell populations, phase durations remained uncoupled in individual cells. These results suggested that the independence of phase durations may arise from a large number of molecular factors that each exerts a minor influence on the rate of cell cycle progression. We tested this model by experimentally forcing phase coupling through inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) or overexpression of cyclin D. Our work provides an explanation for the historical observation that phase durations are both inherited and independent and suggests how cell cycle progression may be altered in disease states.

Indexed as

Cell CycleCyclin DCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2DNA DamageDNA ReplicationHumansOncogenesTemperatureCDK2 protein, humanCyclin DCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2cell cyclecell‐to‐cell variabilitycomputational systems biologyErlang modelsingle‐cell dynamics

Identifiers

PMID30886052
PMCPMC6423720

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.