ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2019
Accountability for funds for Nurturing Care: what can we measure?
Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Neurodevelopmental Assessments in Infancy and Early Childhood: Developing a Conceptual Framework, Repository of Measures, and Clinical Recommendations.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of father-inclusive interventions on maternal, paternal, couples, and early child outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Pooled it
- Assessing the impact of Covid-19 on nurturing care in Nairobi slums: Findings from 5 rounds of cross-sectional telephone surveys.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Global development assistance for early childhood care and education in 134 low- and middle-income countries, 2007-2021.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Early Childhood Development Is Not Enough: In Defense of Children with Developmental Delays and Disabilities and Their Right to Family-Centered Early Childhood Intervention (In the Global South).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Early childhood development strategy for the world's children with disabilities.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Impacts of Integrating Family-Centered Care and Developmental Care Principles on Neonatal Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among High-Risk Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of Global Collaboration on the Academic Focus of the West African College of Surgeons: Are Worldwide Efforts Aligning with Local Priorities?World journal of surgery · 2023Article
- Global leadership is needed to optimize early childhood development for children with disabilities.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Pathways to scale up early childhood programs: A scoping review of Reach Up and Care for Child Development.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Nurturing care indicators for the Brazilian Early Childhood Friendly Municipal Index (IMAPI).Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Accelerating progress on early childhood development for children under 5 years with disabilities by 2030.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Review
- Who actually cares for children in slums? Why we need to think, and do, more about paid childcare in urbanizing sub-Saharan Africa.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Surviving and Thriving: Early Intervention for Neonatal Survivors With Developmental Disability in Uganda.Infants and young children · 2021Article
- Human resources and curricula content for early child development implementation: multicountry mixed methods evaluation.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Early Intervention for Children at High Risk of Developmental Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Scaling early child development: what are the barriers and enablers?Archives of disease in childhood · 2019Article
- Rating early child development outcome measurement tools for routine health programme use.Archives of disease in childhood · 2019Article
- Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes.Archives of disease in childhood · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding donor, government and out-of-pocket funding for early child development (ECD) is important for tracking progress. We aimed to estimate a baseline for the WHO, UNICEF and World Bank Nurturing Care Framework (NCF) with a special focus on childhood disability.
methodsTo estimate development assistance spending, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Creditor Reporting System (OECD-CRS) database was searched for 2007-2016, using key words derived from domains of the NCF (good health, nutrition and growth, responsive caregiving, security and safety, and early learning), plus disability. Associated funds were analysed by domain, donor, recipient and region. Trends of ECD/NCF were compared with reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) disbursements. To assess domestic or out-of-pocket expenditure for ECD, we searched electronic databases of indexed and grey literature.
resultsUS$79.1 billion of development assistance were disbursed, mostly for health and nutrition (US$61.9 billion, 78% of total) and least for disability (US$0.7 billion, 2% of total). US$2.3 per child per year were disbursed for non-health ECD activities. Total development assistance for ECD increased by 121% between 2007 and 2016, an average increase of 8.3% annually. Per child disbursements increased more in Africa and Asia, while minimally in Latin America and the Caribbean and Oceania. We could not find comparable sources for domestic funding and out-of-pocket expenditure.
conclusionsEstimated international donor disbursements for ECD remain small compared with RMNCH. Limitations include inconsistent donor terminology in OECD data. Increased investment will be required in the poorest countries and for childhood disability to ensure that progress is equitable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.