ArticleBMC public health2019
A cluster-randomized multi-level intervention to increase latrine use and safe disposal of child feces in rural Odisha, India: the Sundara Grama research protocol.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03274245 (Implementing and Evaluating a Multi-Level Intervention to Increase Latrine Use and Safe Feces Disposal Among Latrine Owning Households in Rural Puri District, Odisha, India), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Implementing and Evaluating a Multi-Level Intervention to Increase Latrine Use and Safe Feces Disposal Among Latrine Owning Households in Rural Puri District, Odisha, India
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: A scoping review and ethical assessment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions to improve disposal of child faeces for preventing diarrhoea and soil-transmitted helminth infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of a low-cost, behaviour-change intervention on latrine use and safe disposal of child faeces in rural Odisha, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2022Trial
- Waterborne diseases burden, determinants and health system gaps in Eastern Uganda: a mixed-methods baseline study in the Busoga region.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Everyone Intervention Study: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Development of a behaviour change intervention to promote sanitation and latrine use in rural India.BMC public health · 2023Review
- Household sanitation and menstrual hygiene management among women: Evidence from household survey under Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission in rural Odisha, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Study design and rationale for a cluster randomized trial of a safe child feces management intervention in rural Odisha, India.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Applications of Implementation Science in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Research and Practice.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Review
- Using system dynamics to assess the complexity of rural toilet retrofitting: Case study in eastern China.Journal of environmental management · 2021Article
- Community Perceptions of a Multilevel Sanitation Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Odisha, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Child feces management practices and fecal contamination: A cross-sectional study in rural Odisha, India.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite health benefits of sanitation, an estimated 12% of the global population practices open defecation, including an estimated 50% of the population of India. Current estimates, however, do not include households that own toilets but do not use them, suggesting that the actual number of people defecating in the open is underestimated. This protocol describes a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate an intervention specifically designed to increase latrine use, including the safe disposal of child feces, in rural Odisha, India.
methodsThe trial engages 66 villages in Puri district, 33 randomly allocated to receive the intervention and 33 to serve as controls. The primary outcome is latrine use and is recorded at baseline and endline for all members of all households that own latrines in all trial vilalges. Additional data on determinants of latrine use and safe child feces disposal are also collected to assess change based on the intervetntion. A process evaluation assesses the delivery of the intervention and qualiative research takes place in non-trial villages as well as post-endline in trial villages to help explain trial findings. DISCUSSION: This is one of four trials taking place simultaneously in rural India with latrine use as the primary outcome. All four studies use the same outcome to gerenate comparable data across sites that can serve the government of India. The trial in Odisha is unique in that it collects latrine use data from all potential users in all households that own latrines, enabling a thorough view of the sanitation situation and factors that influence use at the community level. That latrine use is collected via self-report is a limitation, however any bias in reporting should be the same across villages and not impact the overall assessment of intervention impact.
trial registrationThis trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03274245 .
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.