ArticleCancers2019
Combination Therapy of Chloroquine and C₂-Ceramide Enhances Cytotoxicity in Lung Cancer H460 and H1299 Cells.
Article in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sphingolipids in human disease: organ-specific pathologies, chain-length-dependent effects, and translational implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Aniline TFPA enhances camptothecin-induced anti-NSCLC by modulating oxidative stress and impairing autophagy.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- A sphingolipid rheostat controls apoptosis versus apical cell extrusion as alternative tumour-suppressive mechanisms.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Zebrafish in Lung Cancer Research.Cancers · 2023Review
- Chloroquine Inhibition of Autophagy Enhanced the Anticancer Effects ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- The Zebrafish model in dermatology: an update for clinicians.Discover oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Lung Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target.Journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Clinical predictive value of naïve and memory T cells in advanced NSCLC.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Comparative Molecular and Immunoregulatory Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Candida albicans and Candida auris.mSystems · 2021Article
- Pomegranate Extract (POMx) Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Phenoxyphenol Compound diTFPP Mediates Exogenous CAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Role of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Blue-Light-Induced Damage to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Zebrafish In Vitro and In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Repurposing Chloroquine Against Multiple Diseases With Special Attention to SARS-CoV-2 and Associated Toxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Inhibition of Lysosomal Function Mitigates Protective Mitophagy and Augments Ceramide Nanoliposome-Induced Cell Death in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2020Article
- Chloroquine against malaria, cancers and viral diseases.Drug discovery today · 2020Review
- Chloroquine increases the anti-cancer activity of epirubicin in A549 lung cancer cells.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Zebrafish Models of Cancer-New Insights on Modeling Human Cancer in a Non-Mammalian Vertebrate.Genes · 2019Review
- CInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a type of malignant cancer, and 85% of metastatic NSCLC patients have a poor prognosis. C₂-ceramide induces G2/M phase arrest and cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells. In this study, the autophagy-inducing effect of C₂-ceramide was demonstrated, and cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was investigated in NSCLC H460 and H1299 cells. The results suggested that C₂-ceramide exhibited dose-dependent anticancer effects in H460 and H1299 cells and autophagy induction. Zebrafish-based acridine orange staining confirmed the combined effects in vivo. Importantly, the combination of a sublethal dose of C₂-ceramide and CQ resulted in additive cytotoxicity and autophagy in both cell lines. Alterations of related signaling factors, including Src and SIRT1 inhibition and activation of the autophagic regulators LAMP2 and LC3-I/II, contributed to the autophagy-dependent apoptosis. We found that C₂-ceramide continuously initiated autophagy; however, CQ inhibited autophagosome maturation and degradation during autophagy progression. Accumulated and non-degraded autophagosomes increased NSCLC cell stress, eventually leading to cell death. This study sheds light on improvements to NSCLC chemotherapy to reduce the chemotherapy dose and NSCLC patient burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.