Trial reportPloS one2019
Breathlessness and incidence of COPD, cardiac events and all-cause mortality: A 44-year follow-up from middle age throughout life.
Trial report in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of dyspnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The order of completing MDP and D12 does not affect the breathlessness responses: A randomised controlled trial.Chronic respiratory diseaseTrial
- Using AI to determine optimal cost-effective diagnostic pathways for chronic breathlessness.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Expected breathlessness is overestimated compared to experienced: a mobile ecological momentary assessment study.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- "Breathlessness stops me doing everything": exploring the impact of chronic breathlessness due to advanced respiratory disease and exacerbating factors - a qualitative study.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- A Bayesian network for identifying causes of breathlessness using a national electronic medical records (EMR) database.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exertional breathlessness related to medical conditions in middle-aged people: the population-based SCAPIS study of more than 25,000 men and women.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Abnormally high exertional breathlessness predicts mortality in people referred for incremental cycle exercise testing.PloS one · 2024Article
- Associations in Perceived Health and Persistent Breathlessness: A Cross-Sectional Study.Palliative medicine reports · 2023Article
- Prognostic value of lymphocyte count for in-hospital mortality in patients with severe AECOPD.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Comparing recalled versus experienced symptoms of breathlessness ratings: An ecological assessment study using mobile phone technology.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2022Article
- Respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular causes of deaths: A population-based study with 45 years of follow-up.PloS one · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for Postoperative Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and severity of differing dimensions of breathlessness among elderly males in the population.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Agreement of the modified Medical Research Council and New York Heart Association scales for assessing the impact of self-rated breathlessness in cardiopulmonary disease.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- How to Assess Breathlessness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2021Review
- Underlying contributing conditions to breathlessness among middle-aged individuals in the general population: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2020Article
- Risk factors for mortality in Finnish bronchiectasis patients: A four-year study.Chronic respiratory diseaseArticle
- Healthcare, Medication Utilization and Outcomes of Patients with COPD by GOLD Classification in England.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreathlessness is prevalent in the general population and may be associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association of breathlessness with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) events, cardiac events and all-cause mortality from middle-age throughout life.
methodsBreathlessness was measured in 699, 55-year old men residing in Malmö, Sweden using modified Medical Research Council (mMRC). COPD events (hospitalisation, death or diagnosis) cardiac events and all-cause mortality was assessed using The Swedish Causes of Death Register and Hospital Discharge Register. Data was analyzed using Cox- and competing risks (Fine-Gray) regression analysis.
results695 (99%) of 699 participants died and four emigrated during follow up. Eighty-seven (12%) had mMRC = 1 and 19 (3%) had mMRC≥2. Breathlessness was associated with COPD events; adjusted Sub-Hazard Ratio 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.6) for mMRC = 1 and 7.5 (2.6-21.7) for mMRC ≥ 2 but not associated with cardiac events when adjusting for competing events and confounding. Breathlessness was associated increased all- cause mortality (Hazard Ratios of 1.4 (1.1-1.7) (mMRC = 1) and 3.4 (2.1-5.6) (mMRC ≥ 2)).
conclusionBreathlessness is associated with increased risk of COPD events and increase in all-cause mortality from age 55 until death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.