Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30883569›Full record

ArticlePloS one2019

A closed-loop, music-based brain-computer interface for emotion mediation.

Stefan K Ehrlich, Kat R Agres, Cuntai Guan, Gordon Cheng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  5. Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: State of the Art and Trends.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025
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  8. [Applications and challenges of wearable electroencephalogram signals in depression recognition and personalized music intervention].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Stefan K EhrlichChair for Cognitive Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3634-6973
Kat R AgresInstitute of High Performance Computing, Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Cuntai GuanSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore.
Gordon ChengChair for Cognitive Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emotions play a critical role in rational and intelligent behavior; a better fundamental knowledge of them is indispensable for understanding higher order brain function. We propose a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) system to feedback a person's affective state such that a closed-loop interaction between the participant's brain responses and the musical stimuli is established. We realized this concept technically in a functional prototype of an algorithm that generates continuous and controllable patterns of synthesized affective music in real-time, which is embedded within a BCI architecture. We evaluated our concept in two separate studies. In the first study, we tested the efficacy of our music algorithm by measuring subjective affective responses from 11 participants. In a second pilot study, the algorithm was embedded in a real-time BCI architecture to investigate affective closed-loop interactions in 5 participants. Preliminary results suggested that participants were able to intentionally modulate the musical feedback by self-inducing emotions (e.g., by recalling memories), suggesting that the system was able not only to capture the listener's current affective state in real-time, but also potentially provide a tool for listeners to mediate their own emotions by interacting with music. The proposed concept offers a tool to study emotions in the loop, promising to cast a complementary light on emotion-related brain research, particularly in terms of clarifying the interactive, spatio-temporal dynamics underlying affective processing in the brain.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsBrain-Computer InterfacesAdultAuditory PerceptionEmotionsFemaleHumansMaleMusicPilot Projects

Identifiers

PMID30883569
PMCPMC6422328

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.