ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Changes in US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions From 2011-2016.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial prescription pattern and appropriateness for respiratory tract infection in outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Let's Talk About Antibiotics: a randomised trial of two interventions to reduce antibiotic misuse.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: A New Front in an Old War.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Review
- Plasmidomic landscape of Staphylococcus aureus and the emergence of a CC5 subclade harboring the conjugative plasmid pSK41: implications for food safety and antimicrobial resistance.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- US Emergency Department Visits for Antibiotic Adverse Drug Events in Children, 2019-2023.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- The changing landscape of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions among advanced practice clinicians in the United States, 2011 and 2022.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Using learner verification and transcreation to develop multicultural patient education materials for acute respiratory tract infections to decrease inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.PEC innovation · 2025Article
- Public health surveillance of outpatient antibiotic prescription trends, United States, 2011-2019.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Quantifying Antimicrobial Disposals at Six Community Pharmacies With Longitudinal Medication Disposal Programs: An Underappreciated Component of a One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Stewardship.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Outpatient antibiotic prescribing by general dentists in the United States from 2018 through 2022.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2025Article
- Challenges in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections: Antibiotic Resistance Profiles ofBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Effects of Antimicrobial Agents Used for Dental Treatments: Impacts on the Human Oral Ecosystem and the Resistome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Top publications for advancing state and local health department antimicrobial stewardship programs.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Factors associated with antibiotic use in children hospitalized for acute viral gastroenteritis and the relation to rotavirus vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Research priorities for antimicrobial stewardship nurses in a middle-income country: a nominal group technique study.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Prescriber-level surveillance of outpatient antimicrobial consumption to enable targeted antimicrobial stewardship: a nationwide observational study, Switzerland, 2015 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Observational
- Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Breakpoints Against Enterobacterales: Rationale for Revision by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Aging amplifies a gut microbiota immunogenic signature linked to heightened inflammation.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Barriers and facilitators to guideline concordant dental antibiotic prescribing in the United States: A qualitative study of the National Dental PBRN.Journal of public health dentistry · 2024Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile antibiotics are life-saving drugs, their use is not without risk, including adverse events and antibiotic resistance. The majority of US antibiotic prescriptions are prescribed in outpatient settings, making outpatient antibiotic prescribing an important antibiotic stewardship target. The primary objective of this study was to describe trends in US outpatient oral antibiotic prescriptions from 2011-2016.
methodsWe estimated annual oral antibiotic prescription rates using national prescription dispensing count data from IQVIA Xponent, divided by census estimates for 2011-2016. We calculated the ratio of broad- to narrow-spectrum prescriptions by dividing broad-spectrum prescription rates by narrow-spectrum prescription rates. We used Poisson models to estimate prevalence rate ratios, comparing 2011 and 2016 antibiotic prescription rates, and linear models to evaluate temporal trends throughout the study period.
resultsOral antibiotic prescription rates decreased 5%, from 877 prescriptions per 1000 persons in 2011 to 836 per 1000 persons in 2016. During this period, rates of prescriptions dispensed to children decreased 13%, while adult rates increased 2%. The ratio of broad- to narrow-spectrum antibiotics decreased from 1.62 in 2011 to 1.49 in 2016, driven by decreases in macrolides and fluoroquinolones. The proportion of prescriptions written by nurse practitioners and physician assistants increased during the study period; in 2016, these providers prescribed over one-quarter of all antibiotic prescriptions.
conclusionsOutpatient antibiotic prescription rates, especially of broad-spectrum agents, have decreased in recent years. Clinicians who prescribe to adults, including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, are important targets for antibiotic stewardship.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.