ArticleAdvanced biosystems2019
The Axon Initial Segment is the Dominant Contributor to the Neuron's Extracellular Electrical Potential Landscape.
Article in Advanced biosystems, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emergence of Deviance Detection in Cortical Cultures Through Maturation, Criticality, and Early Experience.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- In Vitro Reconstruction of Axonal Heat Sensing with a Photothermal Nerve-on-a-Chip.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
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- Engineering Neuronal Network Connectivity Through Precise and Scalable Electrical Modulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sometimes extracellular recordings fail for good reasons.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Extracellular Spike Waveforms: Morphology, Biophysics, and Classification Strategies.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Monolithic 3D Nanoelectrode Arrays on CMOS Circuitry for Scalable, High-Resolution Neural Recording.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Alpha-synuclein overexpression reduces neural activity within a basal ganglia vocal nucleus in a zebra finch model.PloS one · 2026Article
- Extracellular stimulation and ephaptic coupling of neurons in a fully coupled finite element-based Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular (EMI) model.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Advances in large-scale electrophysiology with high-density microelectrode arrays.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
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- Emergent functions of noise-driven spontaneous activity: homeostatic maintenance of criticality and memory consolidation.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Article
- Beyond a Transmission Cable-New Technologies to Reveal the Richness in Axonal Electrophysiology.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Discovering optimal features for neuron-type identification from extracellular recordings.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2024Article
- Article
- Positive and biphasic extracellular waveforms correspond to return currents and axonal spikes.Communications biology · 2023Article
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- A CMOS-based highly scalable flexible neural electrode interface.Science advances · 2023Article
- Post-explant profiling of subcellular-scale carbon fiber intracortical electrodes and surrounding neurons enables modeling of recorded electrophysiology.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Two firing modes and well-resolved NaPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular voltage fields, produced by a neuron's action potentials, provide a widely used means for studying neuronal and neuronal-network function. The neuron's soma and dendrites are thought to drive the extracellular action potential (EAP) landscape, while the axon's contribution is usually considered less important. However, by recording voltages of single neurons in dissociated rat cortical cultures and Purkinje cells in acute mouse cerebellar slices through hundreds of densely packed electrodes, it is found, instead, that the axon initial segment dominates the measured EAP landscape, and, surprisingly, the soma only contributes to a minor extent. As expected, the recorded dominant signal has negative polarity (charge entering the cell) and initiates at the distal end. Interestingly, signals with positive polarity (charge exiting the cell) occur near some but not all dendritic branches and occur after a delay. Such basic knowledge about which neuronal compartments contribute to the extracellular voltage landscape is important for interpreting results from all electrical readout schemes. Finally, initiation of the electrical activity at the distal end of the axon initial segment (AIS) and subsequent spreading into the axon proper and backward through the proximal AIS toward the soma are confirmed. The corresponding extracellular waveforms across different neuronal compartments could be tracked.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.