ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Mechanisms of Bacterial Superinfection Post-influenza: A Role for Unconventional T Cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- A retrospective clinical risk prediction model for co‑infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with COVID‑19 based on restricted cubic splines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Human Respiratory Virome in Health and Disease: Interactions, Dysbiosis, and Methodological Challenges.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Bacterial Superinfections After SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, Impact on Inflammatory Profiles, Severity Scores, and Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Global Trends in Influenza and Meningitis Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis (1980-2024).Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Deciphering Immune Modulation in Chickens Co-Infected with ALV-J and CIAV: A Transcriptomic Approach.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of the ceRNA Network and Hub Genes in Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Superinfection.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Developing a Coccidioides posadasii and SARS-CoV-2 Co-infection Model in the K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mouse.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches of pediatric necrotizing tracheobronchitis with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus co-infections.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Influenza A virus selectively elevates prostaglandin EiScience · 2024Article
- Bronchoscopy and molecular diagnostic techniques to identify superimposed infections in COVID-19-associated ARDS: a case series from Ecuador during the second wave.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Staphylococcus epidermidis induced toxic shock syndrome (TSS) secondary to influenza infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Increased Alveolar Epithelial Damage Markers and Inflammasome-Regulated Cytokines Are Associated with Pulmonary Superinfection in ARDS.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- ESKAPE and Beyond: The Burden of Coinfections in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis Co-infection in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Analysis of coexisting pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- An anti-influenza combined therapy assessed by single cell RNA-sequencing.Communications biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the widespread application of vaccination programs and antiviral drug treatments, influenza viruses are still among the most harmful human pathogens. Indeed, influenza results in significant seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, severe bacterial infections can occur in the aftermath of influenza virus infection, and contribute substantially to the excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. Here, we review the main features of influenza viruses and current knowledge about the mechanical and immune mechanisms that underlie post-influenza secondary bacterial infections. We present the emerging literature describing the role of "innate-like" unconventional T cells in post-influenza bacterial superinfection. Unconventional T cell populations span the border between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and are prevalent in mucosal tissues (including the airways). They mainly comprise Natural Killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells. We provide an overview of the principal functions that these cells play in pulmonary barrier functions and immunity, highlighting their unique ability to sense environmental factors and promote protection against respiratory bacterial infections. We focus on two major opportunistic pathogens involved in superinfections, namely
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.