Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30880967›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2019

Preparation of sustained release apremilast-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Md Khalid Anwer, Muqtader Mohammad, Essam Ezzeldin, Farhat Fatima, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Muzaffar Iqbal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Formulation Development andCurrent drug delivery · 2026
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  7. Review
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  9. Article
  10. Formulation and characterization of polymeric nanoparticle of Rivastigmine for effective management of Alzheimer's disease.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  15. Article
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  17. Review
  18. Preparation andDrug delivery · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Md Khalid AnwerDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Muqtader MohammadDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Essam EzzeldinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, muziqbal@ksu.edu.sa.
Farhat FatimaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed AlalaiweDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Muzaffar IqbalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, muziqbal@ksu.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundApremilast (APM) is a novel, orally administered small molecule drug approved for treatment of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. Due to its low solubility and permeability, it is classified as a class IV drug according to BCS classification. Dose titration is recommended during APM treatment due to its tolerability and twice-daily dosing regimen issues. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this study, three different APM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (F1-F3) were prepared by single emulsion and evaporation method. Based on particle size, PDI, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), drug loading (%DL), and spectral characterization, the nanoparticles (F3) were optimized. The F3 nanoparticles were further evaluated for in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats.

resultsThe optimized nanoparticles (F3) had particles size 307.3±8.5 nm with a low PDI value 0.317, ZP of -43.4±2.6 mV, EE of 61.1±1.9% and DL of 1.9±0.1%. The in vitro release profile showed a sustained release pattern of F3 nanoparticles of APM. The pharmacokinetic results showed 2.25 times increase in bio-availability of F3 nanoparticles compared to normal APM suspension. Moreover, significant increase in half-life and mean residence time confirms long-term retention of F3 nanoparticles.

conclusionBioavailability enhancement along-with long-term retention of the APM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles might be helpful for the once-daily regimen treatment.

Indexed as

AnimalsCalorimetry, Differential ScanningDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersDrug LiberationKineticsMaleNanoparticlesParticle SizePolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerRats, WistarSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredStatic ElectricityThalidomideX-Ray DiffractionapremilastDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerThalidomideapremilastbioavailabilitynanoparticlesPoly(D,L-lactide-coglycolide)sustained release

Identifiers

PMID30880967
PMCPMC6402442

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.