ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2019
Refractive errors among Saudi college students and associated risk factors.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myopia and Near Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of refractive errors in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of refractive errors among medical and applied medical sciences students, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Myopia awareness and knowledge among parents in Kumasi Metropolis and Bekwai Municipality.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Myopia prevalence, refractive status and uncorrected myopia among primary and secondary school students in Germany.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Incidence and Severity of Myopia in the Population of Medical Students and Its Dependence on Various Demographic Factors and Vision Hygiene Habits.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Transpalpebral intraocular pressure measurement by Diaton compared to Goldman applanation tonometer in myopic eyes before and after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in Saudi Arabia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Perspectives and clinical practices of optometrists in Saudi Arabia concerning myopia in children.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The Clinical Characteristics of Amblyopia in Children Under 17 Years of Age in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Visual status among undergraduate students: Findings from an emerging university in Saudi Arabia.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- The prevalence of refractive errors among Saudi adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
- Prevalence of Refractive Errors and its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study.Middle East African journal of ophthalmologyArticle
- Factors contributing to spectacle intolerance: Insights from a multicenter study in Saudi Arabia.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
- The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the prevalence of refractive errors among freshman students of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), and to examine the relationship of near-work activities and outdoor activities with refractive errors.
methodsA cross-sectional study of 338 freshman students of IAU (162 males, 176 females) was carried out. Students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Eye examination was done including non-cycloplegic autorefraction for determining the refractive error status. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤-0.75 diopters (D), and it was further divided into low myopia (SER from -0.75 D to -2.99 D), moderate myopia (SER from -3.00 to -5.99 D), and high myopia (SER ≤-6.00 D). Hyperopia was defined as SER ≥1.00 D and emmetropia as having an SER value between that of low myopia and hyperopia. SER was calculated as sphere + 1/2 cylinder. A questionnaire detailed on activities was completed by participants.
resultsMyopia was found in 47.9% of the students (95% CI 42.7%-53.3%). The most prevalent type of myopia was low myopia (66.7%; 95% CI 59.1%-73.5%). Hyperopia and emmetropia were found in 6.5% (95% CI 4.3%-9.7%) and 45.6% (95% CI 40.3%-50.9%) of the students, respectively. Parental myopia was significantly associated with the myopic status of the students (
conclusionAlthough the different types of activities did not predict the types of refractive errors, the high prevalence of myopia among the college students at this age requires further studies to explore more about the clinical characteristics and risk factors of the disease.
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