ArticleRenal failure2019
Hirudin ameliorates immunoglobulin A nephropathy by inhibition of fibrosis and inflammatory response.
Article in Renal failure, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Independent and interactive roles of hirudin and HMGB1 interference in protecting renal function by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and kidney injury in chronic kidney disease.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2025Article
- Hirudin inhibits ferroptosis to improve renal fibrosis by targeting the STAT3/NLRP3 signaling pathway.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2025Article
- Pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine metabolites in regulating Treg cells: an integrative pathway review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Hirudin in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Research progress of natural active compounds on improving podocyte function to reduce proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2023Review
- A Molecular Mechanism Study to Reveal Hirudin's Downregulation to PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway through Decreasing PDGFRBioMed research international · 2022Article
- Hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor, attenuates TGF-β-induced fibrosis in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells by inhibition of protease-activated receptor 1 expression via S1P/S1PR2/S1PR3 signaling.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating IgA Nephropathy: From Basic Science to Clinical Research.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2021Article
- Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals Hirudin Potentiates Anti-Renal Fibrosis Efficacy in UUO Rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Modified Huangqi Chifeng Decoction Attenuates Proteinuria by Reducing Podocyte Injury in a Rat Model of Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Hirudin and Its Derivatives - A Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Zhen-Wu-Tang Protects IgA Nephropathy in Rats by Regulating Exosomes to Inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial IgA and IgG co-deposition. As the clinical course of IgAN is highly variable, a lot of patients will eventually develop to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within years. Hirudin, a potent and specific thrombin inhibitor, has been reported to treat IgAN with hematuria, but the mechanism is unclear. Our study aims to explore the potential of hirudin and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of IgAN. The establishment of IgAN model was set up in rats through oral and intravenous immunization with bovine gamma-globulin (BGG). Results suggested that hirudin could reduce the increased level of proteinuria, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in IgAN models. Besides that, hirudin ameliorated the elevated number of apoptotic bodies and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9) in IgAN model. The fibrosis indexes (transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1), Collagen-IV (CoI-IV) and Fibronectin-1) of kidney were remarkably suppressed in IgAN rats treated with hirudin compared with IgAN rats with no further treatment. IgAN rats exhibited remarkably increased inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18), while hirudin treatment significantly alleviated these alterations. Moreover, the reduced levels of CD4
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