ArticleNeuropharmacology2019
Male and female mice develop escalation of heroin intake and dependence following extended access.
Article in Neuropharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug self-administration in head-fixed mice.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Effects of zinc oxide nano particles on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice (insights to the postpartum depression, reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant activity).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Can the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction incorporate addiction to opioid drugs?Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, attenuates intravenous self-administration of fentanyl in female rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Challenge To The Assumption That Short- versus Long-Access Groups of Opioid Users Represent Distinct Phenotypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Calcium imaging of central amygdala activity after escalation of fentanyl self-administration.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Escalation of intravenous fentanyl self-administration and assessment of withdrawal behavior in male and female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Multiple memory object-drug association task (MODAT) for the study of polydrug associations.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Environmental enrichment attenuates reinstatement of heroin seeking and reverses heroin-induced upregulation of mesolimbic ghrelin receptors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Dissociation of intake and incentive sensitization during intermittent- and continuous-access heroin self-administration in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Disruption of the CRFeLife · 2025Article
- Effect of acute treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, and estrus phase on cue- and drug-induced fentanyl seeking in female rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Article
- A rat model of operant negative reinforcement in opioid-dependent males and females.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Characterization and validation of a spontaneous acute and protracted oxycodone withdrawal model in male and female mice.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Disruption of positive- and negative-feature morphine interoceptive occasion setters by dopamine receptor agonism and antagonism in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- The effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine on oxycodone withdrawal and reinstatement.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Chronic inflammatory pain promotes place preference for fentanyl in male rats but does not change fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on intravenous oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Extended access to fentanyl vapor self-administration leads to addiction-like behaviors in mice: Blood chemokine/cytokine levels as potential biomarkers.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a serious public health issue in the United States. Animal models of opioid dependence are fundamental for studying the etiology of addictive behaviors. We tested the hypothesis that extended access to heroin self-administration leads to increases in heroin intake and produces somatic signs of opioid dependence in both male and female mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were trained to nosepoke (fixed-ratio 1) to obtain intravenous heroin in six daily 1-h sessions (30-60 μg/kg/infusion). The mice were divided into short access (ShA; 1 h) and long access (LgA; 6 h) groups. Immediately after the 10th escalation session, the mice received a challenge dose of naloxone (1 mg/kg), and somatic signs of withdrawal were recorded. The mice readily acquired intravenous heroin self-administration. LgA mice escalated their drug intake in the first hour across sessions and had significantly higher scores of somatic signs of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal compared with ShA mice. Female mice exhibited increases in heroin intake compared with male mice. Male and female mice exhibited similar levels of somatic signs of withdrawal. Because of the wide availability of genetically modified mouse lines, the present mouse model may be particularly useful for better understanding genetic and sex differences that underlie the transition to compulsive-like opioid taking and seeking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.