ReviewNeuropsychology review2019
The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Review in Neuropsychology review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05269459 (Safety and Efficacy of Cannabidiol), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults Using Liquid StructureTM Formulation (NantheiaTM ATL5).
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Dose-related reductions in prefrontal recruitment during cognitive reappraisal following oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in posttraumatic stress disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Functional neuroimaging of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effect of online tDCS to left somatomotor cortex on neuropsychiatric symptoms among older adults at risk for dementia.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2023Trial
- Cannabinoid modulation of corticolimbic activation to threat in trauma-exposed adults: a preliminary study.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with Alzheimer's disease-relevant molecular alterations in the basolateral amygdala of older Veterans.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Computational modeling of prefrontal-amygdala circuits links functional connectivity alterations to circuit-level mechanisms in major depression.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neural resilience improves survival in cardiovascular patients.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- The neural and physiological mechanisms of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI): A systematic review and integrated framework.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune mechanisms in PTSD: inflammatory heterogeneity, circuit dysfunction, and biomarker-based subtypes.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Predicting stress response trajectories: Differential contributions of limbic and prefrontal regions to cortisol and affective responses.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Relapse in alcohol dependence is characterized by disrupted modular brain network organization.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Empathy motivation is preserved following amygdala damage.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala and Hippocampus in PTSD: Results From the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- From classic circuits to novel mechanisms: How lncRNA, neuroinflammation, and iPSC models address the translational crisis in PTSD research.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Frequency of bullying modulates amygdala response during social exclusion in participants with non-suicidal self-injury.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with Alzheimer's disease-relevant molecular remodeling in the amygdala of older Veterans.Research square · 2026Article
- Pretraining neural and neuropsychological measures of executive functioning are associated with response to working memory training in Veterans with PTSD.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Lower Gyrification of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An ENIGMA-PTSD Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction as a Precipitating Factor for Schizophrenia and Depression.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less well understood. This review provides evidence from imaging and lesion studies to support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as a moderator and inhibitor of the amygdala. The dual inhibition model centres on the broadly defined ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the distinct role of two of its subcomponents, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. The dual inhibition model posits that these two regions, along with their associated inhibitory pathways, must interact for adequate inhibitory control of the amygdala and emotional regulation. Following a description of the model's experimental support, it is then proposed as a neuropsychological mechanism for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks, as a defining feature of PTSD, are described in terms of a subcortical orienting network. Finally, there is a discussion of how a neuropsychological understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might inform a clinician's approach to treatment and how the dual inhibition model might have a more general application to understanding emotional dysregulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30877420What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.