ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Polymyxin Acute Kidney Injury: Dosing and Other Strategies to Reduce Toxicity.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Affecting Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Strategies of Polymyxin B in Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Infected Patients with Renal Impairment: A Systematic Review with Expert Opinion.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Polymyxin Derivative SPR206.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Polymyxin antibiotics induce nephrotoxicity through the selective inhibition of Complex I-dependent respiration in mouse and rat mitochondria.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Carbapenemases: epidemiology, detection and management in a changing global landscape.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Article
- Redox biology underlying the efficacy and toxicity of colistin as a last-resort antibiotic.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics of polymyxin drugs in special populations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Extended vs Intermittent Infusion of Meropenem with Colistimethate Sodium and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Can the two-point method based on peak and trough concentrations accurately estimate the area under the curve of polymyxin B? A Monte Carlo simulation study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, Significance, Detection and Emerging Therapies for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: A Scoping Review.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Review
- Novel Insights on the Synergistic Mechanism of Action Between the Polycationic Peptide Colistin and Cannabidiol Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Bacteriophages as an alternative strategy for the treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections: Current approaches and future perspectives.Cell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms attributed to colistin renal proximal tubular epithelial cytotoxicity.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Review
- Anti-Infective-Associated AKI: A Narrative Review of the Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Clinical Course, Monitoring, Prevention, and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessment of Polymyxin B with Sodium Deoxycholate Sulfate Micelles in a Rat Model to Combat Polymyxin Nephrotoxicity.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical carbapenem-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic/Toxicodynamic Model for Polymyxin B in Critically Ill Patients to Identify the Risk of Nephrotoxicity.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Observational
- Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients Treated with Colistin Monotherapy for Carbapenem-ResistantInfectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Uncovering nitroxoline activity spectrum, mode of action and resistance across Gram-negative bacteria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Biomarker-Driven Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Polymyxin B in Critically Ill Patients with XDR-GN Pneumonia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polymyxins are valuable antimicrobials for the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; however, nephrotoxicity associated with these drugs is a very common side effect that occurs during treatment. This article briefly reviews nephrotoxic mechanisms and risk factors for polymyxin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and discusses dosing strategies that may mitigate kidney damage without compromising antimicrobial activity. Polymyxins have a very narrow therapeutic window and patients requiring treatment with these drugs are frequently severely ill and have multiple comorbidities, which increases the risk of AKI. Notably, there is a significant overlap between therapeutic and toxic plasma polymyxin concentrations that substantially complicates dose selection. Recent dosing protocols for both colistin and polymyxin B have been developed and may help fine tune dose adjustment of these antibiotics. Minimizing exposure to modifiable risk factors, such as other nephrotoxic agents, is strongly recommended. The dose should be carefully selected, particularly in high-risk patients. The administration of oxidative stress-reducing drugs is a promising strategy to ameliorate polymyxin-associated AKI, but still requires support from clinical studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.