ArticleNutrients2019
Red and Processed Meat and Mortality in a Low Meat Intake Population.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- How to Keep the Balance between Red and Processed Meat Intake and Physical Activity Regarding Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of substituting red and processed meat for mycoprotein on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers: an analysis of secondary endpoints from Mycomeat.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- A Pilot Study on the Effects of l-Carnitine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide on Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation and CVD Biomarkers in Aged Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- "Shaking the ladder" reveals how analytic choices can influence associations in nutrition epidemiology: beef intake and coronary heart disease as a case study.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2026Review
- Assessment and decomposition of excessive red meat consumption among hypertensive adults: A Wagstaff decomposition analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Red Meat Consumption and Hypertension: An Updated Review.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- The impact of green space on nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in the Adventist Health Study-2 population.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Plasma metabolomics profiles in Black and White participants of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Total and cause-specific mortality associated with meat intake in a large cohort study in Korea.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- State-of-the-Art Review: Evidence on Red Meat Consumption and Hypertension Outcomes.American journal of hypertension · 2022Review
- Development of Seed-Oil Based Dried Sausages, Considering Physicochemical and Nutritional Quality and the Role of Food Neophobia.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Development of Healthier and Functional Dry Fermented Sausages: Present and Future.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Organic food use, meat intake, and prevalence of gestational diabetes: KOALA birth cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Meta-analysis of effect of vegetarian diet on ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021Article
- Association of ultra-processed food consumption with cardiovascular mortality in the US population: long-term results from a large prospective multicenter study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Article
- High Consumption of Red Meat Is Associated with Excess Mortality Among African-American Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Article
- DNA Methylation Profiles of Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort.Nutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Associations of low-to-moderate consumption of red and processed meat with mortality would add to the evidence of possible adverse effects of these common foods. This study aims to investigate the association of red and processed meat intake with mortality. The Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) is a prospective cohort study of ~96,000 Seventh-day Adventist men and women recruited in the US and Canada between 2002 and 2007. The final analytic sample after exclusions was 72,149. Cox proportional hazards regression was used and hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. Diet was assessed by a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), calibrated using six 24-h dietary recalls. Mortality outcome data were obtained from the National Death Index. During a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, there were 7961 total deaths, of which 2598 were Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) deaths and 1873 were cancer deaths. Unprocessed red meat was associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07⁻1.31) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05⁻1.50). Processed meat alone was not significantly associated with risk of mortality. The combined intake of red and processed meat was associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11⁻1.36) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12⁻1.60). These findings suggest moderately higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality associated with red and processed meat in a low meat intake population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.