ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Innovative Therapeutic Strategies for Effective Treatment of Brain Metastases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patritumab deruxtecan in leptomeningeal metastatic disease of solid tumors: the phase 2 TUXEDO-3 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Real-world application ofEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Brain Metastases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeted opening of the blood-brain barrier using VCAM-1 functionalised microbubbles and "whole brain" ultrasound.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Targeted Hyperbranched Nanoparticles for Delivery of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Emerging Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Brain Metastases-From Biology to Clinical Utility.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Conjugation of a Blood Brain Barrier Peptide Shuttle to an Fc Domain for Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Biomolecules.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2021Article
- WBRT for brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: for whom and when?-Contemporary point of view.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Review
- The In Vivo Selection Method in Breast Cancer Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Proteomic Analysis of the Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most prevalent of intracranial malignancies. They are associated with a very poor prognosis and near 100% mortality. This has been the case for decades, largely because we lack effective therapeutics to augment surgery and radiotherapy. Notwithstanding improvements in the precision and efficacy of these life-prolonging treatments, with no reliable options for adjunct systemic therapy, brain recurrences are virtually inevitable. The factors limiting intracranial efficacy of existing agents are both physiological and molecular in nature. For example, heterogeneous permeability, abnormal perfusion and high interstitial pressure oppose the conventional convective delivery of circulating drugs, thus new delivery strategies are needed to achieve uniform drug uptake at therapeutic concentrations. Brain metastases are also highly adapted to their microenvironment, with complex cross-talk between the tumor, the stroma and the neural compartments driving speciation and drug resistance. New strategies must account for resistance mechanisms that are frequently engaged in this milieu, such as HER3 and other receptor tyrosine kinases that become induced and activated in the brain microenvironment. Here, we discuss molecular and physiological factors that contribute to the recalcitrance of these tumors, and review emerging therapeutic strategies, including agents targeting the PI3K axis, immunotherapies, nanomedicines and MRI-guided focused ultrasound for externally controlling drug delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.