ArticleNanoscale2019
Triple conjugated carbon dots as a nano-drug delivery model for glioblastoma brain tumors.
Article in Nanoscale, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbon dots and DNA: DNA binding mechanisms and their effect on the cell cycle arrest.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Precursor-dependent optical and structural properties of eleven NIR-emissive graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications.2d materials · 2026Article
- Electronic reactivity and drug binding in doped cycloparaphenylenes: toward multifunctional platforms for biosensing and targeted drug delivery.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Development of a quadruple-conjugated carbon dot nanomodel for targeted glioma therapy.Communications chemistry · 2026Article
- Carbon Dots and Biomimetic Membrane Systems: Mechanistic Interactions and Hybrid Nano-Lipid Platforms.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Interaction of Carbon Dots with Nucleic Acids Is Driven by Their Surface Charge.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Carbon dots penetrating the blood-brain barrier for central nervous system nanomedicine.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Carbon Quantum Dots as Versatile Nanosystems for Biomedical Innovation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Translational Prospects.British journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Therapeutic and Diagnostic Implications of Carbon Dot: An Advancement in the Avenue towards Cancer, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Carbon Dot Nanoparticle-based Therapeutic Approaches in Major Neurological Disorders.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Functionalized Cellulose Through Biosynthesis-Only Approach.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Carbon dots as probes in FLIM:a review of applications and advances in cellular imaging.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Amino Acid Transporters in Glioblastoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Disease Monitoring, Therapeutic Targeting, and Drug Delivery.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Surface charge dictates the mechanism of cellular uptake of fluorescent amine passivated carbon dots.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Breaking barriers: exploring blood-brain barrier crossing mechanisms with nanomedicine for effective glioma treatment.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- Monoclonal Antibodies-Anchored Quantum Dots-Based Delivery Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment: Challenges and Applications.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- An update on recent advances in fluorescent materials for fluorescence molecular imaging: a review.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Carbon Dots as a Fluorescent Nanosystem for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Plausible Application in Neurological Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most of the dual nano drug delivery systems fail to enter malignant brain tumors due to a lack of proper targeting systems and the size increase of the nanoparticles after drug conjugation. Therefore, a triple conjugated system was developed with carbon dots (C-dots), which have an average particle size of 1.5-1.7 nm. C-dots were conjugated with transferrin (the targeted ligand) and two anti-cancer drugs, epirubicin and temozolomide, to build the triple conjugated system in which the average particle size was increased only up to 3.5 nm. In vitro studies were performed with glioblastoma brain tumor cell lines SJGBM2, CHLA266, CHLA200 (pediatric) and U87 (adult). The efficacy of the triple conjugated system (dual drug conjugation along with transferrin) was compared to those of dual conjugated systems (single drug conjugation along with transferrin), non-transferrin C-dots-drugs, and free drug combinations. Transferrin conjugated samples displayed the lowest cell viability even at a lower concentration. Among the transferrin conjugated samples, the triple conjugated system (C-dots-trans-temo-epi (C-DT)) was more strongly cytotoxic to brain tumor cell lines than dual conjugated systems (C-dots-trans-temo (C-TT) and C-dots-trans-epi (C-ET)). C-DT increased the cytotoxicity to 86% in SJGBM2 at 0.01 μM while C-ET and C-TT reduced it only to 33 and 8%, respectively. Not only did triple conjugated C-DT increase the cytotoxicity, but also the two-drug combination in C-DT displayed a synergistic effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.