ReviewComprehensive physiology2019
Studying Human Neurological Disorders Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: From 2D Monolayer to 3D Organoid and Blood Brain Barrier Models.
Review in Comprehensive physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From Pluripotency to Precision: A Comprehensive Review of hPSCs/iPSCs Models in Neuroscience Research.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Pooled it
- Mental health dished up-the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2020Pooled it
- Blood‒brain barrier permeability assessment: from biomimetic models to multimodal imaging.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Review
- Dysfunction of the neurovascular unit as a temporal driver in Alzheimer's pathogenesis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Human iPSC-derived and conventional cancer models in precision oncology: advancing patient-specific therapies from bench to bedside.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- From Polyphenols to Prodrugs: Bridging the Blood-Brain Barrier with Nanomedicine and Neurotherapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A cell line-derived, immune-competent neurospheroid model to study neuroinflammation and human brain disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Microphysiological modeling of the Blood-CSF barrier for biopharmaceutical transport and sequestration: evaluation of PEG-induced accumulation and vacuolation in the choroid plexus epithelium.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Navigating the Autophagy Maze: ATG and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Innovative approaches for the treatment of stroke: a recent update.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Microfluidic-Based Technologies for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier Against Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Strategies and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- 3D Bioprinted Neural Tissues: Emerging Strategies for Regeneration and Disease Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Engineered 3D human neurovascular model of Alzheimer's disease to study vascular dysfunction.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- From Serendipity to Precision: Integrating AI, Multi-Omics, and Human-Specific Models for Personalized Neuropsychiatric Care.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Brain tumors and induced pluripotent stem cell technology: a systematic review of the literature.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Psychedelics meet human brain organoids: insights into proteomics and potential for Alzheimer's disease treatment.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Review
- Research Progress on Neural Cell Culture Systems.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement in Glaucoma Therapy: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neurological disorders have emerged as a predominant healthcare concern in recent years due to their severe consequences on quality of life and prevalence throughout the world. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and the interactions between different brain cell types is essential for the development of new therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are invaluable tools for neurological disease modeling, as they have unlimited self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Mounting evidence shows: (i) various brain cells can be generated from iPSCs in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures; and (ii) further advances in 3D culture systems have led to the differentiation of iPSCs into organoids with multiple brain cell types and specific brain regions. These 3D organoids have gained widespread attention as in vitro tools to recapitulate complex features of the brain, and (iii) complex interactions between iPSC-derived brain cell types can recapitulate physiological and pathological conditions of blood-brain barrier (BBB). As iPSCs can be generated from diverse patient populations, researchers have effectively applied 2D, 3D, and BBB models to recapitulate genetically complex neurological disorders and reveal novel insights into molecular and genetic mechanisms of neurological disorders. In this review, we describe recent progress in the generation of 2D, 3D, and BBB models from iPSCs and further discuss their limitations, advantages, and future ventures. This review also covers the current status of applications of 2D, 3D, and BBB models in drug screening, precision medicine, and modeling a wide range of neurological diseases (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain injury, and neuropsychiatric disorders). © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:565-611, 2019.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.