ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2019
Targeting Residual Inflammatory Risk: A Shifting Paradigm for Atherosclerotic Disease.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Residual inflammatory risk and clinical outcomes after contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of lipid-lowering therapies on C-reactive protein levels: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Cardiovascular research · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels With Cardiovascular Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Population-Based Studies.JAMA cardiology · 2021Pooled it
- Circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Risk of Stroke: Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies Involving 17 180 Individuals.Circulation research · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei LC2W Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Subjects at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Trial
- Sex differences in lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids in older individuals with low-grade chronic inflammation.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2024Trial
- C-reactive Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Febuxostat Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Study.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2023Trial
- Clinical response to EPA supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder is associated with higher plasma concentrations of pro-resolving lipid mediators.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Ilexoside K Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing CD72Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Microbial mechanisms in atherosclerosis: Revisiting the infectious hypothesis.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Review
- Residual Atherothrombotic Risk After Myocardial Infarction: Integrating Lipid, Inflammatory and Thrombotic Pathways.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Kinase regulation of miRNA networks in cardiometabolic disease: emerging pathways to precision therapy.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and systemic inflammation in the USA.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Diacerein improves liver fibrosis, steatosis, and atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Response of Alpha-Aminoadipic Acid (2-AAA) to Short Term Lysine Ingestion in Healthy Individuals.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Trained immunity: new paradigm in the immunological memory of cardiovascular disease.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Mapping the Inflammation Research Landscape in Myocardial Infarction, 1995-2025: A Bibliometric Analysis of WoSCC and PubMed.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Inflammatory markers associated with albuminuria and early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a potential mediator in the obesity-chronic kidney disease association among hypertensive patients.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Unsupervised Learning Analysis of Triglycerides, Inflammation, Cholesterol, and the Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As biologic, epidemiologic, and clinical trial data have demonstrated, inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis. Circulating biomarkers of inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events independent of cholesterol and other traditional risk factors. Randomized trials have shown that statins reduce hsCRP, and the magnitude of hsCRP reduction is proportional to the reduction in cardiovascular risk. Additionally, these trials have demonstrated that many individuals remain at increased risk due to persistent elevations in hsCRP despite significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This "residual inflammatory risk" has increasingly become a viable pharmacologic target. In this review, we summarize the data linking inflammation to atherosclerosis with a particular focus on residual inflammatory risk. Additionally, we detail the results of Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS), which showed that directly reducing inflammation with an IL-1β antagonist reduces cardiovascular event rates independent of LDL-C. These positive data are contrasted with neutral evidence from CIRT in which low-dose methotrexate neither reduced the critical IL-1β to IL-6 to CRP pathway of innate immunity, nor reduced cardiovascular event rates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.