ReviewTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2019
The monoclonal antibody GNbAC1: targeting human endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis.
Review in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myelin Repair as a Neuroprotective Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis: From Bench to Bedside.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- The expression, regulation, and function of human endogenous retroviruses in genitourinary cancers.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Ancient viral DNA in the human genome linked to neurodegenerative diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Upregulation of microRNAs correlates with downregulation of HERV-K expression in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- TDP-43 Epigenetic Facets and Their Neurodegenerative Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- HERVs and Cancer-A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Cancers.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Contribution of Retrotransposons to the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes and Challenges in Analysis Methods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope in Spinal Fluid of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Is Toxic.Annals of neurology · 2022Article
- Role of Transposable Elements in Genome Stability: Implications for Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired cognition in schizophrenia.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- What Have Failed, Interrupted, and Withdrawn Antibody Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Taught Us?Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- HERV-W Envelope Triggers Abnormal Dopaminergic Neuron Process through DRD2/PP2A/AKT1/GSK3 for Schizophrenia Risk.Viruses · 2022Article
- Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Review
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- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Biological Functions and Clinical Values.OncoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- Evolutionary Medicine of Retroviruses in the Human Genome.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite improvements of immunomodulatory therapies in relapsing-remitting MS, the pathomechanisms of progressive disease are poorly understood and therapeutically addressed to date. A pathophysiological role for proteins encoded by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) has been proposed. GNbAC1 is a monoclonal antibody directed against the envelope protein of a HERV with postulated involvement in MS.
methodsThis review addresses the treatment concept of GNbAC1, the design, preclinical and clinical development of the antibody, as published by November 2018. All four in-human trials (of which two addressed MS) are discussed.
conclusionThe treatment concept of GNbAC1 is appealing but remains controversial due to conflicting results regarding the hypothesized underlying pathomechanism. Anticipated immunomodulatory effects were not observed in clinical or pharmacodynamic analyses of the currently available data. However, a magnetic resonance imaging sign compatible with the remyelinating potential of GNbAC1 encouraged further development of this antibody in progressive MS. No relevant issues with tolerability or safety have been described to date.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.