ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Causes and Consequences of Innate Immune Dysfunction in Cirrhosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking secondary immunodeficiency: a cross-domain pathway framework for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm, in Preventing RecurrentOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Gut dysbiosis and nitric oxide dysregulation in cirrhosis progression: mechanistic insights and pathophysiological implications.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Higher prevalence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in acute-on-chronic liver failure.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Invasive fungal disease in patients with end-stage liver disease.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Review
- Epigenetic reprogramming of hepatic antigen presenting cells in chronic liver disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dysfunctional macrophages along the gut-liver axis: a driver of infection in cirrhosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lipidomics of HIV/HCV-related liver decompensation: association between plasma lipid depletion and immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Periodontal status and microbial profiles across the clinical spectrum of liver cirrhosis.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Sepsis in end-stage liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and pharmacological management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Alcohol consumption exacerbates high-fat diet-mediated disruptions in myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis in mouse models of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sepsis Drives Severity and Mortality in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Among ICU Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment With Chlorine Dioxide: A Case Report in an Immunocompromised Patient.Cureus · 2025Article
- The role of immune cells in cirrhosis: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Markers in Septic Critically Ill Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Retrospective Analysis.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Vaccination Strategies and Research Gaps in Hepatitis E Virus for Special Populations.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The Covert Side of Ascites in Cirrhosis: Cellular and Molecular Aspects.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is an increasing health burden and public health concern. Regardless of etiology, patients with cirrhosis are at risk of a range of life-threatening complications, including the development of infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality and frequent hospital admissions. The term Cirrhosis-Associated Immune Dysfunction (CAID) refers to a dynamic spectrum of immunological perturbations that develop in patients with cirrhosis, which are intimately linked to the underlying liver disease, and negatively correlated with prognosis. At the two extremes of the CAID spectrum are systemic inflammation, which can exacerbate clinical manifestations of cirrhosis such as hemodynamic derangement and kidney injury; and immunodeficiency, which contributes to the high rate of infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Innate immune cells, in particular monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, are pivotal effector and target cells in CAID. This review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to impaired innate immune function in cirrhosis. Knowledge of the phenotypic manifestation and pathophysiological mechanisms of cirrhosis associated immunosuppression may lead to immune targeted therapies to reduce susceptibility to infection in patients with cirrhosis, and better biomarkers for risk stratification, and assessment of efficacy of novel immunotherapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.