ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2019
Does
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental benzo[a]pyrene exposure impacts histone modifications in osteoblast subpopulations.Environmental epigenetics · 2025Article
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- Genetic variation and pesticide exposure influence blood DNA methylation signatures in females with early-stage Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Designing and Teaching Courses on Sex, Gender, and the Brain: Two Implementations in the Undergraduate Classroom.Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Best practices to promote rigor and reproducibility in the era of sex-inclusive research.eLife · 2023Article
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Sex-specific DNA methylation: impact on human health and development.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Review
- Differential Regulation of Mouse Hippocampal Gene Expression Sex Differences by Chromosomal Content and Gonadal Sex.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Teaching About Sex and Gender in Neuroscience: More Than Meets the "XY".Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- The Person's Care Requires a Sex and Gender Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Epigenetic Mediation ofBrain sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- X chromosome escapee genes are involved in ischemic sexual dimorphism through epigenetic modification of inflammatory signals.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Gender Beneath the Skull: Agency, Trauma and Persisting Stereotypes in Neuroepigenetics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- A Developmental Framework for Embodiment Research: The Next Step Toward Integrating Concepts and Methods.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2021Review
- Sexes on the brain: Sex as multiple biological variables in the neuronal control of feeding.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2020Review
- Race- and Sex-Based Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trial Enrollment in the United States and Canada: An Indigenous Perspective.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2020Review
- Gender Differences in Familiar Face Recognition and the Influence of Sociocultural Gender Inequality.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The words "sex" and "gender" are often used interchangeably in common usage. In fact, the Merriam-Webster dictionary offers "sex" as the definition of gender. The authors of this review are neuroscientists, and the words "sex" and "gender" mean very different things to us: sex is based on biological factors such as sex chromosomes and gonads, whereas gender has a social component and involves differential expectations or treatment by conspecifics, based on an individual's perceived sex. While we are accustomed to thinking about "sex" and differences between males and females in epigenetic marks in the brain, we are much less used to thinking about the biological implications of gender. Nonetheless, careful consideration of the field of epigenetics leads us to conclude that gender must also leave an epigenetic imprint on the brain. Indeed, it would be strange if this were not the case, because all environmental influences of any import can epigenetically change the brain. In the following pages, we explain why there is now sufficient evidence to suggest that an epigenetic imprint for gender is a logical conclusion. We define our terms for sex, gender, and epigenetics, and describe research demonstrating sex differences in epigenetic mechanisms in the brain which, to date, is mainly based on work in non-human animals. We then give several examples of how gender, rather than sex, may cause the brain epigenome to differ in males and females, and finally consider the myriad of ways that sex and gender interact to shape gene expression in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.