ArticleScientific reports2019
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of clozapine-N-oxide, clozapine, and compound 21 in DREADD-based chemogenetics in mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 181 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
181 citing papers in PubMed, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Off-target effects of DREADD ligands revealed by an anesthesia emergence paradigm in mice.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Anesthesia unconsciousness recruits dynamic parabrachial activity within a distributed brain-wide ensemble.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Stage-Dependent Effects of "Too Little and Too Much" Medial Prefrontal Activity on Reversal Learning in Rats: Functional Inhibition Impairs Early, Whereas Neural Disinhibition Impairs Late Reversals.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Kappa opioid receptors in excitatory spinal neurons gate acute pain: evidence from mouse and human.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Facilitation of hippocampal long-term potentiation by astrocytic Gq signaling is compromised in an advanced Alzheimer's disease model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ventral and Intermediate Hippocampus Are Required for Object-in-Place Recognition Memory in Mice.eNeuro · 2026Article
- Selective reduction of KCNA4 in vulnerable glutamatergic-serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Orbitofrontal PV interneurons modulate social interaction via default mode network dynamics.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Pathway-specific regulation of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in depressive-like behavior.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
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- Disrupted temperature-sleep coupling mechanism in a Dravet syndrome mouse model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The cholinergic system exerts opposing effects on memory at different stages of disease progression in Alzheimer's and Down syndrome model systems.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Secondary Somatosensory Cortex Is Required for Learning but Not Execution of a Tactile Discrimination.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Negative allosteric modulation of α5-GABAbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- DREADD agonist Clozapine-N-oxide, but not Compound 21, impairs spatial memory encoding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Distinct CaMKII neurons in anterior cingulate cortex regulate anxiety-like behavior and appetite suppression in a model of inflammatory pain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
121 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscarinic Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) gated by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) allow selective G-protein cascade activation in genetically specified cell-types in vivo. Here we compare the pharmacokinetics, off-target effects and efficacy of CNO, clozapine (CLZ) and compound 21 (Cmpd-21) at the inhibitory DREADD human Gi-coupled M4 muscarinic receptor (hM4Di). The half maximal effective concentration (EC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.