ArticleBMJ open2019
Are 'dual users' who smoke and use e-cigarettes interested in using varenicline to stop smoking altogether, and can they benefit from it? A cohort study of UK vapers.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- Urgent Need for Novel Investigations of Treatments to Quit E-cigarettes: Findings from a Systematic Review.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Pooled it
- Social media recruitment for mental health research: A systematic review.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- A pilot feasibility study of a behavioral intervention for nicotine vaping cessation among young adults delivered via telehealth.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- Future Treatments for Tobacco Dependence.Open respiratory archives · 2027Review
- Pain interference among adult dual combustible and electronic tobacco users in terms of perceived barriers for quitting.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Dual Use of Combustible Cigarettes and E-cigarettes: a Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Current addiction reports · 2022Article
- Reappraising Choice in Addiction: Novel Conceptualizations and Treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Why and how do dual users quit vaping? Survey findings from adults who use electronic and combustible cigarettesTobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence: a systematic review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes is associated with higher cardiovascular risk factors in Korean men.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Efficacy of smoking cessation with varenicline plus counselling for e-cigarettes users (VAREVAPE): A protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2019Article
- Attitude and Environmental Factors Associated With Successful E-Cigarette Quitting Among Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of primary care & community healthObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSmokers who use e-cigarettes (EC) do so mostly to stop smoking, but many continue to use both products. It is not known whether these 'dual users' are interested in stop-smoking medications and whether they can benefit from them. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASURES: Dual users were recruited over social media and posted study questionnaire and saliva kits at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Those interested in varenicline were posted the medication and received weekly calls over the first 6 weeks, followed by three calls at fortnightly intervals.
resultsOf 204 participants, 124 (61%, CI=54% to 68%) expressed interest in receiving varenicline and 80 (39%, CI=32% to 45%) started varenicline (varenicline users, VU). VU were more dependent smokers (F=6.2, p=0.01) with higher cigarette consumption (F=8.7, p<0.01) who were using stronger nicotine e-liquids (F=13.9, p<0.001) than dual users not opting for varenicline (varenicline non-users, VN). In terms of abstinence for at least 3 months at the 6-month follow-up, VU were more likely than VN to report abstinence from smoking (17.5% vs 4.8%, p=0.006, RR=3.6, CI:1.4 to 9.0), vaping (12.5% vs 1.6%, p=0.007, RR=7.8, CI:1.7 to 34.5) and both smoking and vaping (8.8% vs 0.8%, p=0.02, RR=10.9, CI:1.4 to 86.6). The differences were significant across sensitivity analyses (RRs=4.9 to 14.0; p=0.02 to p<0.001 at 3 months; RRs=3.0 to 14.0; p=0.01 to p<0.001 at 6 months). VU reported a greater reduction in enjoyment of vaping by the end of the varenicline use period (F=4.1, p=0.04) and recorded a significantly greater reduction in nicotine intake than VN at 3 months (F=13.9, p<0.001) and 6 months (F=26.5, p<0.001).
conclusionVarenicline offered to dual users is likely to promote successful abstinence from both smoking and vaping, although a randomised trial is needed to confirm this. Among dual users who want to stop smoking, there seems to be a high level of interest in smoking-cessation treatments.
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