ArticleBMJ open2019
Effectiveness of the Communities Care programme on change in social norms associated with gender-based violence (GBV) with residents in intervention compared with control districts in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Reducing Violence Against Women and Girls in the Arab League: A Systematic Review of Preventive Interventions.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of a Gender-Synchronized Family Planning Intervention on Inequitable Gender Norms in a Cluster Randomized Control Trial Among Husbands of Married Adolescent Girls in Dosso, Niger.Violence against women · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a Module Based Training on Nurses' Attitude Towards Social Norms and Beliefs That Support Abuse Among women with Mental Illness.Community mental health journal · 2021Trial
- Gender-based violence policies and practices in humanitarian settings: a qualitative policy analysis, North Ethiopia.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Entertainment Media and Gender Norm Transformation Interventions for Young Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sexual and reproductive health implementation research in humanitarian contexts: a scoping review.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Drivers of men's use of intimate partner violence in conflict-affected settings: learnings from the Democratic Republic of Congo.Conflict and health · 2024Article
- Linkages between maternal experience of intimate partner violence and child nutrition outcomes: A rapid evidence assessment.PloS one · 2024Article
- Shifting social norms to prevent age-disparate transactional sex in Tanzania: what we can learn from intervention development research.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Strengthening women's empowerment and gender equality in fragile contexts towards peaceful and inclusive societies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Campbell systematic reviews · 2022Review
- Gender-based violence during COVID-19 among adolescent girls and young women in Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-methods prospective study over 18 months.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- The impact of interventions to reduce risk and incidence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict states and other humanitarian crises in low and middle income countries: a systematic review.Conflict and health · 2021Review
- Risk and protective factors for GBV among women and girls living in humanitarian setting: systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2021Article
- Contraceptive use among adolescent and young women in North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cross-sectional population-based survey.PLoS medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDetermine the effectiveness of the Communities Care programme (CCP) on change in harmful social norms associated with gender-based violence (GBV) and confidence in provision of services with residents in intervention compared with control district. We hypothesised that residents in the intervention district would report a decrease in support for harmful social norms and increase in confidence in services in comparison with control district.
settingThe study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia.
participantsIn the intervention district, 192 community members (50% women) completed baseline surveys with 163 (84.9%) retained at endline. In the control district, 195 community members (50% women) completed baseline surveys with 167 (85.6%) retained at endline.
interventionCCP uses facilitated dialogues with community members to catalyse GBV prevention actions and provides training to diverse sectors to strengthen response services for GBV survivors.
resultsResidents in the intervention district had significantly greater improvement in change in social norms: (1) response to sexual violence (b=-0.214, p=0.041); (2) protecting family honour (b=-0.558, p<0.001); and (3) husband's right to use violence (b=-0.309, p=0.003) compared with control district participants. The greatest change was seen in the norm of 'protecting family honour' with a Cohen's d effect size (ES) of 0.70, followed by the norm 'husband's right to use violence' (ES=0.38), and then the norm of 'response to sexual violence' (ES=0.28). Residents in intervention district had a significantly greater increase in confidence in provision of GBV services across diverse sectors than the control district (b=0.318, p<0.001) with an associated effect size of 0.67. There were no significant differences between residents in intervention and control districts on change in personal beliefs on the norms.
conclusionThe evaluation showed the promise of CCP in changing harmful social norms associated with GBV and increasing confidence in provision of services in a complex humanitarian setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.