ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2019
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.
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Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 211 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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211citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
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211 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-wide association meta-analyses of drug-resistant epilepsy.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating human mobility in Holocene Western Eurasia with large-scale ancient genomic data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Pooled it
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- Ancient DNA evidence for the history of the Albanians.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Challenging Patterns of Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in Galicia and East-to-West Genetic Divergence Across the Iberian Peninsula-When Technical Batches Rewrite History.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- FRAME: Fine-Resolution Asymmetric Migration Estimation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The genetic landscape of northeastern Iberian communities from the early to late Iron Age.iScience · 2026Article
- The genetic legacy of the 17th-century colonial capital of St. Mary's City.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
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- First Lithic Age Caribbean genomes document pre-Ceramic genetic continuity and affinities to Central America and northern South America.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The persistence and loss of hard selective sweeps amid admixture in ancient Eurasians.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- On the Edge of Empire: Paleogenomic Insights into Roman Dacia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Genomic Legacy of the Norman Conquest in Rural England.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Analysis of medieval burials from Ibiza reveals genetic and pathogenic diversity during the Islamic period.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Subsistence transition preceded population turnover in the eastern Colombian Andes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Uncovering a Medieval Pogrom: Genetic History of a Jewish Community in Catalonia (Spain).Genes · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary analyses and ancient DNA reveal social inequality and mobility in the Central Plains during the Eastern Zhou period in China.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
111 authors.
Iñigo OlaldeDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2660-6807
Swapan MallickDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4531-4439
Nick PattersonBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nadin RohlandDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Vanessa Villalba-MoucoMax Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
Marina SilvaDepartment of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3756-0920
Katharina DuliasDepartment of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3938-6663
Ceiridwen J EdwardsDepartment of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9126-1377
Francesca GandiniDepartment of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8930-8295
Maria PalaDepartment of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
Pedro SoaresCentre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-2807-690X
Manuel Ferrando-BernalInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Nicole AdamskiDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2268-1359
Nasreen BroomandkhoshbachtDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5350-1608
Olivia CheronetDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-6760-1204
Brendan J CulletonDepartment of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Daniel FernandesDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7434-6552
Ann Marie LawsonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0990-2329
Matthew MahDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8987-6436
Jonas OppenheimerDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7973-6173
Kristin StewardsonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Zhao ZhangDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7562-7559
Juan Manuel Jiménez ArenasDepartamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4165-0187
Isidro Jorge Toro MoyanoMuseo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Granada, Granada, Spain.
Domingo C Salazar-GarcíaDepartamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria, (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.
Pere CastanyerMuseu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5080-3571
Marta SantosMuseu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1542-9040
Joaquim TremoledaMuseu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2699-7318
Marina LozanoInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6304-7848
Pablo García BorjaDepartamento de Prehistoria e Historia Antigua, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Valencia, Spain.
Javier Fernández-ErasoDepartamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9860-2610
José Antonio Mujika-AlustizaDepartamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
Cecilio BarrosoFundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH), Lucena, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1372-3908
Francisco J BermúdezFundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH), Lucena, Spain.
Enrique Viguera MínguezÁrea de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5475-3807
Josep BurchInstitut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4306-6678
Neus CorominaInstitut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6651-0503
David VivóInstitut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2254-2292
Artur CebriàSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5674-4135
Josep Maria FullolaSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7089-1425
Oreto García-PucholPREMEDOC Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9716-6039
Juan Ignacio MoralesSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8253-414X
F Xavier OmsSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1642-548X
Tona MajóArchaeom. Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Josep Maria VergèsInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1807-7463
Antònia Díaz-CarvajalUniversitat de Barcelona-GRAMP/Museu Arqueològic de l'Esquerda, Roda de Ter, Spain.
Imma Ollich-CastanyerUniversitat de Barcelona-GRAMP/Museu Arqueològic de l'Esquerda, Roda de Ter, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0438-3892
F Javier López-CacheroSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3121-4015
Ana Maria SilvaLaboratory of Prehistory, Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1912-6581
Carmen Alonso-FernándezCronos S.C. Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8930-9148
Germán Delibes de CastroDepartamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5553-6414
Javier Jiménez EchevarríaCronos S.C. Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7278-5121
Adolfo Moreno-MárquezDepartamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7061-2131
Guillermo Pascual BerlangaORCID 0000-0001-5567-5142
Pablo Ramos-GarcíaSchool of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6942-7772
José Ramos-MuñozDepartamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6042-2446
Eduardo Vijande VilaDepartamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7591-5112
Gustau Aguilella ArzoServicio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Prehistóricas de la Diputación de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5197-8274
Ángel Esparza ArroyoGIR PrehUSAL, Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9139-0774
Katina T LilliosDepartment of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0683-2428
Jennifer MackOffice of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3062-0043
Javier Velasco-VázquezDepartamento de Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0339-3500
Anna WatermanMt. Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5321-2539
Luis Benítez de Lugo EnrichDepartamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2000-6293
María Benito SánchezDepartamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Bibiana AgustíINSITU S.C.P., Centelles, Spain.
Ferran CodinaMuseu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Spain.
Gabriel de PradoMuseu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1408-1361
Almudena EstalrrichInstituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria-Gobierno de Cantabria-Santander), Santander, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2295-5396
Álvaro Fernández FloresArqueología y Gestión S.L.L., Fuentes de Andalucia, Spain.
Clive FinlaysonThe Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.ORCID 0000-0003-4795-9430
Geraldine FinlaysonThe Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.ORCID 0000-0002-1751-5655
Stewart FinlaysonThe Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.ORCID 0000-0001-6827-6853
Francisco Giles-GuzmánThe Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.ORCID 0000-0002-8092-7302
Antonio RosasPaleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5829-9952
Virginia Barciela GonzálezDepartamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9623-8982
Gabriel García AtiénzarDepartamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9390-8111
Mauro S Hernández PérezDepartamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8225-4730
Armando LlanosInstituto Alavés de Arqueología, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Yolanda Carrión MarcoDepartament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4064-249X
Isabel Collado BeneytoMuseu Arqueológic Vicent Casanova, Bocairent, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6354-3625
David López-SerranoEstrats, Treballs d'Arqueologia SL, El Campello, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7104-0857
Mario Sanz TormoORCID 0000-0002-3219-0924
António C ValeraEra - Arqueologia, Oeiras, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5492-3810
Concepción BlascoDepartamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0087-9671
Corina LiesauDepartamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5547-5415
Patricia RíosDepartamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3787-2913
Joan DauraSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8364-3655
María Jesús de Pedro MichóMuseu de Prehistòria de València, València, Spain.
Agustín A Diez-CastilloGRAM Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9122-2941
Raúl Flores FernándezORCID 0000-0003-3384-2055
Joan Francès FarréMuseu i Poblat Ibèric de Ca n'Oliver, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6496-3410
Rafael Garrido-PenaDepartamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8263-2949
Victor S GonçalvesUNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Elisa Guerra-DoceDepartamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8411-5133
Ana Mercedes Herrero-CorralDepartamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3536-1108
Joaquim Juan-CabanillesMuseu de Prehistoria/SIP, Diputació de València, València, Spain.
Daniel López-ReyesArqueovitis sccl., Avinyonet del Penedès, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2165-4164
Sarah B McClureDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Marta Merino PérezUnitat d'Antropologia Física, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Arturo Oliver FoixServicio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Prehistóricas de la Diputación de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
Montserrat Sanz BorràsSERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2263-0121
Ana Catarina SousaUNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Julio Manuel Vidal EncinasJunta de Castilla y León, Servicio de Cultura de León, León, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5309-0586
Douglas J KennettDepartment of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Martin B RichardsDepartment of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3118-0967
Kurt Werner AltCenter of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
Wolfgang HaakMax Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2475-2007
Ron PinhasiDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Carles Lalueza-FoxInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1730-5914
David ReichDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7037-5292
Funding
Population mixture in evolutionary and medical geneticsR01GM100233 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI PATTERSON, NICK J, REICH, DAVID E · 2012 to 2019
$2.7MNIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM100233
Abstract
We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.
Indexed as
Gene FlowGenome, HumanAfrica, NorthernAgricultureChromosomes, Human, YGenomicsHistory, AncientHuman MigrationHumansPortugalSpain
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