ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Susceptibility of wild-caught Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies to insecticide after an extended period of exposure in western São Paulo, Brazil.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strengthening research and training on insecticide resistance in arthropod vectors in South America: The WINSA network.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A Brief History of the Use of Insecticides in Brazil to Control Vector-Borne Diseases, and Implications for Insecticide Resistance.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Insecticide-impregnated dog collars for the control of visceral leishmaniasis: evaluation of the susceptibility of field Lutzomyia longipalpis populations to deltamethrin.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Insecticidal Activity ofInsects · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Susceptibility Status ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2021Review
- Chemical control and insecticide resistance status of sand fly vectors worldwide.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Insecticide-impregnated netting: A surface treatment for killingCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Article
- Significant reduction in abundance of peridomestic mosquitoes (Culicidae) and Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae) after chemical intervention in western São Paulo, Brazil.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the South American sand fly vector of Leishmania infantum, attracts males and females over long-distance.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Wild Population ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2020Article
- Susceptibility of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the field, to alpha-cypermethrin in four municipalities endemic to leishmaniasis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2020Article
- eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn Brazil, members of the sand fly species complex Lutzomyia longipalpis transmit Leishmania infantum, a protist parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis. Male Lu. longipalpis produce a sex pheromone that is attractive to both females and males. During a cluster randomised trial, to determine the combined effect of synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone and insecticide on Le. infantum transmission Lu. longipalpis had been continuously exposed to insecticide for 30 months. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of continuous exposure to the insecticides used in the trial on the susceptibility of Lu. longipalpis population.
methodsDuring the trial the sand flies had been exposed to either lambda-cyhalothrin [pheromone + residual insecticide spray (PI)], deltamethrin [dog collars (DC)] or no insecticide [control (C)], for 30 months (November 2012 to April 2015). The insecticide treatment regime was kept in place for an additional 12 months (May 2015-April 2016) during this susceptibility study. Sand flies collected from the field were exposed to WHO insecticide-impregnated papers cyhalothrin (0.05%), deltamethrin (0.5%) and control (silicone oil) in a modified WHO insecticide exposure trial to determine their susceptibility.
resultsWe collected 788 Lu. longipalpis using CDC-light traps in 31 municipalities across the three trial arms. Probit analysis showed that the knockdown times (KDTs) of Lu. longipalpis collected from the lambda-cyhalothrin exposed PI-arm [KDT
conclusionsOur study reveals slight changes in KDT, in sand flies after prolonged exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin in the presence of pheromone. These changes are not considered to have reached the reference levels indicative of resistance in sand flies suggesting that pheromone and insecticide treatment at the level indicated in this study do not constitute a significant risk of increased insecticide resistance. Prolonged exposure to deltamethrin in dog collars did not result in changes to KDT.
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