ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2019
Cocultures of human colorectal tumor spheroids with immune cells reveal the therapeutic potential of MICA/B and NKG2A targeting for cancer treatment.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03015038 (Etude de la réponse Immunitaire Dans l'adénocarcinome Colique), which is not on this map. Cited by 168 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Etude de la réponse Immunitaire Dans l'adénocarcinome Colique
Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A p53Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Microenvironmental Obstacles and Translational 3D Models.Biology · 2026Review
- Can Complex 3D Models Effectively Replace 2D and Animal Models to Investigate the Microbe-Tumor-Immune Axis in Pancreatic Cancer Studies?Nutrients · 2026Review
- Podocalyxin may be down-regulated by progesterone in high grade serous ovarian cancer spheroids to increase responsiveness to carboplatin and NK cells.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- MICA and CYTH4 as immunological biomarkers of intracranial aneurysm: a study integrating RNA sequencing, single-cell sequencing and Mendelian randomization.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Ferroptotic tumor cells reprogram tumor-associated macrophage antigen presentation to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- KLRG1 silencing increases the efficacy of CAR NK cell therapy against colon cancer via SHP-2/ZAP-70/NF-κB signal pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- HLA-E as an Emerging Checkpoint and Biomarker in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Investigating the Secreted Proteome of Primary and Metastatic Human Brain Tumour Explants Maintained on a Miniaturised Perfusion Device.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Tumor-intrinsic KLRC1 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Methods and applications of patient-derived organoid models for immune microenvironment and immunotherapy research in multiple cancer types.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Identifying the therapeutic potential of niclosamide in overcoming IFN-gamma dependent cancer immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytokine preactivation and ADCC: a potent strategy for enhancing human NK cell effector functions against 3D tumor models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a promising platform for personalized treatment of colorectal cancer: current applications and future challenges.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Review
- A KRASMolecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Overcoming barriers in CAR-NK immunotherapy: CRISPR-Driven advances in checkpoint editing and allogeneic design.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Review
- Combined innate immune cell therapy, tumor-specific antibody, and radiation prompt antitumor response in pancreatic cancer models.Science advances · 2025Article
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunotherapies still fail to benefit colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Relevant functional assays aimed at studying these failures and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in human are scarce. 3D tumor cultures, called tumor organoids or spheroids, represent interesting models to study cancer treatments and could help to challenge these issues.
methodsWe analyzed heterotypic cocultures of human colon tumor-derived spheroids with immune cells to assess the infiltration, activation and function of T and NK cells toward human colorectal tumors in vitro.
resultsWe showed that allogeneic T and NK cells rapidly infiltrated cell line-derived spheroids, inducing immune-mediated tumor cell apoptosis and spheroid destruction. NKG2D, a key activator of cytotoxic responses, was engaged on infiltrating cells. We thus assessed the therapeutic potential of an antibody targeting the specific ligands of NKG2D, MICA and MICB, in this system. Anti-MICA/B enhanced immune-dependent destruction of tumor spheroid by driving an increased NK cells infiltration and activation. Interestingly, tumor cells reacted to immune infiltration by upregulating HLA-E, ligand of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed by CD8 and NK cells. NKG2A was increased after anti-MICA/B treatment and, accordingly, combination of anti-MICA/B and anti-NKG2A was synergistic. These observations were ultimately confirmed in a clinical relevant model of coculture between CRC patients-derived spheroids and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
conclusionsAltogether, we show that tumor spheroids represent a relevant tool to study tumor-lymphocyte interactions on human tissues and revealed the antitumor potential of immunomodulatory antibodies targeting MICA/B and NKG2A.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.