SynthesisMalaria journal2019
Persistence of chloroquine resistance alleles in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review of burden and risk factors.
Synthesis in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Context of data sharing practices in collaborative human genomic research in low and middle income countries: A systematic review.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Detection profile of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR in different types of clinical specimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Rising of antimalarial drug resistance Pfmdr1 N86Y and Pfcrt K76T gene in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Targeted Genomic Surveillance Unveils Genetic Variations Linked to Regional Malaria Drug Resistance Dynamics in India.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance and vaccine targets in high-transmission settings in Africa.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Changes in the Prevalence of Antimalarial Partner Drug Resistance Markers and Policy in 6 Sub-Saharan African Countries From 2000 to 2021: A Systematic Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A just war on bugs? Ethical differences between antimalarial resistance and antibacterial resistance.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of molecular markers linked to antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Northern, Northeastern and Eastern Uganda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Assessing fitness costs in malaria parasites: a comprehensive review and implications for drug resistance management.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Ellagic Acid fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Experience of healthcare personnel on Co-payment mechanism and the implications on its use in private drug outlets in Uganda.PloS one · 2024Article
- Investigating the Presence of Falsified and Poor-Quality Fixed-Dose Combination Artemether-Lumefantrine Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms in Kumasi, Ghana.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Unraveling Key Chloroquine Resistance-Associated Alleles AmongInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Examining the disparities of anti-malarial drug consumption among children under the age of five: a study of 5 malaria-endemic countries.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Pharmacophore Model-Based Virtual Screening Workflow for Discovery of Inhibitors TargetingACS omega · 2023Article
- Data sharing practices in collaborative human genomic research in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChloroquine, a previous highly efficacious, easy to use and affordable anti-malarial agent was withdrawn from malaria endemic regions due to high levels of resistance. This review collated evidence from published-reviewed articles to establish prevalence of Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr-1 86Y alleles in malaria affected countries following official discontinuation of chloroquine use.
methodsA review protocol was developed, registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42018083957) and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Article search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs/Vhl and Embase databases by two experienced librarians (AK, RS) for the period 1990-to-Febuary 2018. Mesh terms and Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used. Data extraction form was designed in Excel spread sheet 2007. Data extraction was done by three reviewers (NL, BB and MO), discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Random effects analysis was done in Open Meta Analyst software. Heterogeneity was established using I
resultsA total of 4721 citations were retrieved from article search (Pubmed = 361, Lilac/vhl = 28, Science Direct = 944, Scopus = 3388). Additional targeted search resulted in three (03) eligible articles. After removal of duplicates (n = 523) and screening, 38 articles were included in the final review. Average genotyping success rate was 63.6% (18,343/28,820) for Pfcrt K76T and 93.5% (16,232/17,365) for Pfmdr-1 86Y mutations. Prevalence of Pfcrt 76T was as follows; East Africa 48.9% (2528/5242), Southern Africa 18.6% (373/2163), West Africa 58.3% (3321/6608), Asia 80.2% (1951/2436). Prevalence of Pfmdr-1 86Y was; East Africa 32.4% (1447/5722), Southern Africa 36.1% (544/1640), West Africa 52.2% (1986/4200), Asia 46.4% (1276/2217). Over half, 52.6% (20/38) of included studies reported continued unofficial chloroquine use following policy change. Studies done in Madagascar and Kenya reported re-emergence of chloroquine sensitive parasites (IC
conclusionThe prevalence of chloroquine resistance alleles among Plasmodium falciparum parasites have steadily declined since discontinuation of chloroquine use. However, Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr-1 N86Y mutations still persist at moderate frequencies in most malaria affected countries.
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