ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2019
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis After a Syphilis, Gonorrhea, or Repeat Diagnosis Among Males Including non-Men Who Have Sex With Men: What Is the Incidence?
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04793750 (Ending the HIV Epidemic Through Point-of-Care Technologies), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ending the HIV Epidemic Through Point-of-Care Technologies (EHPOC): Performance Evaluation of Novel POC HIV Tests in Baltimore
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden and risk factors of sexually transmitted infections before and after HIV diagnosis in a Finnish national HIV cohort, 1995-2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- A Focused PrEP Outreach and Navigation Demonstration Project Using STD Surveillance Data.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- High transmission risk in HIV-1 molecular transmission network among MSM is related to unsafe sexual behavior and adverse childhood experiences: a case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Recruitment for Voluntary Video and Mobile HIV Testing on Social Media Platforms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Discussion and Initiation of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Were Rare Following Diagnoses of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- High burden of untreated syphilis, drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and other sexually transmitted infections in men with urethral discharge syndrome in Kampala, Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Intersection of Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Networks to Identify Opportunities to Enhance HIV Prevention.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and sexually transmitted infections: intersection and opportunity.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- Systematic Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis of Health Problems Associated with Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- Mind the Gap: HIV Prevention Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Overlapping Transmission Networks of Early Syphilis and/or Newly HIV Diagnosed Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): Opportunities for Optimizing Public Health Interventions.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe release of the first drug for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2012 marked the beginning of a new era of HIV prevention. Although PrEP is highly efficacious, identifying and ultimately increasing uptake among the highest risk male subgroups remains a challenge.
methodsPublic health surveillance data from 2009 to 2016 was used to evaluate the risk of an HIV diagnosis after a syphilis (ie, primary, secondary, or early latent), gonorrhea, and repeat diagnoses among urban males, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and non-MSM in Baltimore City.
resultsOf the 1531 males with 898 syphilis diagnoses and 1243 gonorrhea diagnoses, 6.8% (n = 104) were subsequently diagnosed with HIV. Within 2 years, 1 in 10 syphilis or gonorrhea diagnoses were followed by an HIV diagnosis among MSM, and 1 in 50 syphilis or gonorrhea diagnoses were followed by an HIV diagnosis among non-MSM. Among non-MSM with gonorrhea, the rate of HIV incidence was 5.36 (95% confidence interval, 2.37-12.14) times higher in those with (vs. without) a subsequent syphilis diagnosis or gonorrhea diagnosis.
conclusionsLocal health care providers should offer PrEP to MSM diagnosed with syphilis or gonorrhea and to non-MSM with a previous gonorrhea diagnosis at time of a syphilis or gonorrhea diagnosis. The high proportion and short time to an HIV diagnosis among MSM after a syphilis or gonorrhea diagnosis suggest immediate PrEP initiation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.