ArticleAIDS (London, England)2019
HIV infection and cerebral small vessel disease are independently associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV, Vascular Risk Factors, and Cognition in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2021Pooled it
- Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Lacunar Infarction as a Neurological Manifestation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- HIV Infection, Neurotoxicity, Inflammation, Premature Aging, and Therapeutic Challenges to PLWH: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Self-reported health and health literacy, neuroplasticity and neuro-immunological markers during the first 12 months in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: An exploratory study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Greater Accumulation of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Compared With People Without HIV.Neurology · 2025Article
- Mental Health and Cognitive Performance Among Older People Living with HIV in Georgia.Ethnicity & disease · 2025Article
- Concurrent brain structural and functional alterations related to cognition in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Review of the mechanism of infection induced cerebral small vessel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Age-Accelerated Increase of White Matter Hyperintensity Volumes Is Exacerbated by Heavy Alcohol Use in People Living With HIV.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Bridging brain and blood: a prospective view on neuroimaging-exosome correlations in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Relationship between Stress and Neuroimmunological Responses and Health Literacy in Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Patients: An Exploratory Study.AIDS research and treatment · 2024Article
- Non-classical monocyte levels correlate negatively with HIV-associated cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive performance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Observational
- CSF Extracellular Vesicle Aβ42 and Tau/Aβ42 Ratio Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Older People with HIV.Viruses · 2023Article
- Elevated Plasma Protein Carbonyl Concentration Is Associated with More Abnormal White Matter in People with HIV.Viruses · 2023Article
- Chronic brain damage in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy is associated with viral reservoirs, sulfatide release, and compromised cell-to-cell communication.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Cognitive Health in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Impact of Early Treatment, Comorbidities, and Aging.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Brief Report: Sex Differences in the Association Between Cerebrovascular Function and Cognitive Health in People Living With HIV in Urban China.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate whether cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is more common in virologically suppressed HIV-positive participants compared with HIV-negative controls and examine the potential synergistic effects of HIV and CSVD on brain structure and cognition.
designCross-sectional analysis of 119 treated, virologically suppressed HIV-positive and 55 HIV-negative participants. Forty-six HIV-positive and 30 HIV-negative participants had follow-up 2 years later. All participants underwent MRI and neuropsychological testing.
methodsVolume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) was used as a surrogate measure of CSVD severity. Tensor-based morphometry and cortical modeling estimated brain volumes and cortical thickness, respectively. Rasch measurement theory was applied to neuropsychological test scores to estimate overall cognition. Linear models compared WMH loads, brain volumes, and cognition between groups; evaluated the association of WMH loads with brain volumes and cognition; and tested the interaction between HIV and WMH loads on brain volumes and cognition. Mixed-effects models compared the change in WMH loads between groups.
resultsWMH loads and change in WMH loads were similar between the groups. HIV-positive participants had poorer cognition, thinner cortex and reduced subcortical volumes compared with HIV-negative controls. Higher WMH loads were associated with reduced cortical thickness and subcortical volumes and worse cognition, regardless of HIV serostatus. No significant interactions were observed between HIV and WMH loads with regards to brain volumes or cognition.
conclusionThese findings suggest that the contributions of HIV and CSVD on brain atrophy and cognitive impairment are independent but additive processes. This argues that optimizing vascular health may mitigate brain injury and cognitive decline, especially in treated, virologically suppressed HIV-positive individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.