Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30869114›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019

Associations of protein intake in early childhood with body composition, height, and insulin-like growth factor I in mid-childhood and early adolescence.

Karen M Switkowski, Paul F Jacques, Aviva Must, Abby Fleisch, Emily Oken

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02820402 (Project Viva), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02820402 active not recruitingnot on this map

Project Viva: a Longitudinal Study of Health for the Next Generation

TypeobservationalSponsorHarvard Pilgrim Health CareRan1999 to 2027Enrolled2,128ConditionsPediatric Obesity
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Benefits of Exercise in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents with Obesity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Karen M SwitkowskiDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA.
Paul F JacquesFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.
Aviva MustDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Abby FleischPediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME.
Emily OkenDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA.
Harvard University · USJean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging · USMaine Medical Center · USTufts University · US

Funding

Prenatal environmental determinants of health in young adulthood: a lifecourse approachR01HD034568 · NICHD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken · 1998 to 2026
$20.6M
Common and distinct early environmental influences on cardiometabolic and respiratory health: Mechanisms and methodsUH3OD023286 · OD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI OKEN, EMILY · 2018 to 2022
$11.7M
Translational Research Core - Health Engagement & Action Translational (HEAT)P30DK092924 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Alyce Sophia Adams, HILARY Kessler SELIGMAN · 2011 to 2026
$9.2M
Pre- and Peri-natal Predictors of Childhood ObesityR37HD034568 · NICHD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI GILLMAN, MATTHEW W · 2012 to 2015
$4.5M
Common and distinct early environmental influences on cardiometabolic and respiratory health: Mechanisms and methodsUG3OD023286 · OD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI KLEINMAN, KENNETH P., OKEN, EMILY · 2016 to 2017
$4.1M
Patient-oriented Research in Maternal Perinatal Overnutrition and Child AdiposityK24HD069408 · NICHD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI OKEN, EMILY · 2011 to 2015
$844k
Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy, Maternal Glycemia, and OffspringGrowthK23ES024803 · NIEHS · MAINEHEALTH · PI FLEISCH, ABBY · 2015 to 2019
$835k
NICHD NIH HHS K24 HD069408NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD034568NICHD NIH HHS R37 HD034568NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092924NIEHS NIH HHS K23 ES024803NIH HHS UG3 OD023286NIH HHS UH3 OD023286
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEarly protein intake may program later body composition and height growth, perhaps mediated by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). In infancy, higher protein intake is consistently associated with higher IGF-I concentrations and more rapid growth, but associations of protein intake after infancy with later growth and IGF-I are less clear.

objectivesOur objective was to examine associations of protein intake in early childhood (median 3.2 y) with height, IGF-I, and measures of adiposity and lean mass in mid-childhood (median 7.7 y) and early adolescence (median 13.0 y), and with changes in these outcomes over time. We hypothesized that early childhood protein intake programs later growth.

methodsWe studied 1165 children in the Boston-area Project Viva cohort. Mothers reported children's diet using food-frequency questionnaires. We stratified by child sex and examined associations of early childhood protein intake with mid-childhood and early adolescent BMI z score, skinfold thicknesses, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) fat mass, DXA lean mass, height z score, and IGF-I concentration. We adjusted linear regression models for race/ethnicity, family sociodemographics, parental and birth anthropometrics, breastfeeding status, physical activity, and fast food intake.

resultsMean protein intake in early childhood was 58.3 g/d. There were no associations of protein intake in early childhood with any of the mid-childhood outcomes. Among boys, however, each 10-g increase in early childhood total protein intake was associated with several markers of early adolescent size, namely BMI z score (0.12 higher; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.23), DXA lean mass index (1.34% higher; 95% CI: -0.07%, 2.78%), and circulating IGF-I (5.67% higher; 95% CI: 0.30%, 11.3%). There were no associations with fat mass and no associations with any adolescent outcomes among girls.

conclusionsEarly childhood protein intake may contribute to programming lean mass and IGF-I around the time of puberty in boys, but not to adiposity development. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.

Indexed as

Body CompositionChild DevelopmentAdiposityAdolescentBody Mass IndexChildChild, PreschoolDietary ProteinsFemaleHumansInsulin-Like Growth Factor IMaleProspective StudiesDietary ProteinsInsulin-Like Growth Factor Ibody compositioncohortearly childhood protein intakeheight growthIGF-IProject Viva

Identifiers

PMID30869114
PMCPMC6462426
OpenAlexW2921306088

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.