Trial reportNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2019
Efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Patients with Severe Refractory Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.
Trial report in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- An updated, comprehensive meta-analysis of the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Analysis, equipoise, and the urgent need for evidence over anecdote.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Pooled it
- Does the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Improve Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Autoimmune Encephalitis? A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Second-line immunotherapy and functional outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.Epilepsia · 2022Pooled it
- Modulation of Cytokines and Immune Cells by Plasma Exchange in Patients With Certain Autoimmune Neurological Diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Soluble TREM2 Is Elevated in Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis in Latin America. Clinical features and outcomes in pediatric and adult populations: retrospective cohort of The REAL LABIC Project.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of blood purification in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Double Filtration Plasmapheresis Shows Superior Short-Term Efficacy to Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Acute Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Observational
- Efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of steroid and/or IVIG unresponsive neuronal surface antibodies associated autoimmune encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Short delay to initiate plasma exchange or immunoadsorption as synergistic therapies for patients in the acute phase of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Article
- Controversies in immunotherapy for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a scoping review with a proposal of operational definitions.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Long-term efficacy and safety of different corticosteroid courses plus mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies without tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- From bedside to bench: how existing therapies inform the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis.Clinical & translational immunology · 2023Review
- Surgical procedures and plasma exchange for ovarian teratoma-associated anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report and review of literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis: Diagnosis and Management Strategies.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- Temporal Dynamics of MOG Antibodies in Children With Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Recent research on immunotherapy for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2022Review
- Lymphoplasma Exchange Improves Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbations: A Retrospective Study in a Chinese Center.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in patients with severe refractory anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis. Patients with severe anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis who showed no improvement after steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for at least 10 days were enrolled. All patients received immunotherapy and were divided into a TPE group and a non-TPE group according to treatment received. Each patient in the TPE group received at least 1 TPE course. NMDA receptor antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were evaluated within 1 week after the last TPE procedure. The clinical efficacy of treatment was evaluated after 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Forty patients were enrolled: 19 in the TPE group and 21 in the non-TPE group. Nineteen patients received TPE for a total of 118 procedures. NMDA receptor antibody titers in the CSF and/or plasma decreased or were negative after the last TPE procedure in 18 patients (94.7%). Compared with the non-TPE group, the TPE group exhibited greater clinical improvement after 1 month and 2 months following treatment (P < 0.05). After 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, there were no significant differences in the outcomes between the TPE group and non-TPE group. The results suggest that TPE might rapidly improve the clinical manifestations in patients with severe refractory anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, and we believe that TPE should be considered as a first-line treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.