ReviewEpilepsia open2019
Central nervous system lymphatic unit, immunity, and epilepsy: Is there a link?
Review in Epilepsia open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Glymphatic dysfunction couples with cortical excitation-inhibition imbalance in epilepsy: Evidence from Rasmussen encephalitis.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Glymphatic dysfunction in drug-resistant epilepsy and its association with vagus nerve stimulation outcomes: a DTI-ALPS study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- The Cerebral Lymphatic System: Function, Controversies, and Therapeutic Approaches for Central Nervous System Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Association between glymphatic dysfunction and cryptogenic stroke risk in patients with patent foramen ovale: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Medulla oblongata and NCCs are central defenders againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The nasal lymphatic route of CSF outflow: implications for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and monitoring.Animal cells and systems · 2024Review
- Significance of developmental meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in experimental post-traumatic injury.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- The role of the meningeal lymphatic system in local meningeal inflammation and trigeminal nociception.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Meningeal lymphatic vessels mediate neurotropic viral drainage from the central nervous system.Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
- Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: Immune and Inflammatory Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Emerging Role of Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Review
- New lymphatic cell formation is associated with damaged brain tissue clearance after penetrating traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Clearance Systems in the Brain, From Structure to Function.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Infection in the Developing Brain: The Role of Unique Systemic Immune Vulnerabilities.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- The anatomy and metabolome of the lymphatic system in the brain in health and disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Interstitial System of the Brain in Health and Disease.Aging and disease · 2020Review
- Peripheral Routes to Neurodegeneration: Passing Through the Blood-Brain Barrier.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Review
- Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Central nervous system lymphatic unit, immunity, and epilepsy: Is there a link?Epilepsia open · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent definition of a network of lymphatic vessels in the meninges surrounding the brain and the spinal cord has advanced our knowledge on the functional anatomy of fluid movement within the central nervous system (CNS). Meningeal lymphatic vessels along dural sinuses and main nerves contribute to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, integrating the cerebrovascular and periventricular routes, and forming a circuit that we here define as the CNS-lymphatic unit. The latter unit is important for parenchymal waste clearance, brain homeostasis, and the regulation of immune or inflammatory processes within the brain. Disruption of fluid drain mechanisms may promote or sustain CNS disease, conceivably applicable to epilepsy where extracellular accumulation of macromolecules and metabolic by-products occur in the interstitial and perivascular spaces. Herein we address an emerging concept and propose a theoretical framework on: (a) how a defect of brain clearance of macromolecules could favor neuronal hyperexcitability and seizures, and (b) whether meningeal lymphatic vessel dysfunction contributes to the neuroimmune cross-talk in epileptic pathophysiology. We propose possible molecular interventions targeting meningeal lymphatic dysfunctions, a potential target for immune-mediated epilepsy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.