ReviewCureus2018
Malignant Sarcomatous Transformation of Benign Giant Cell Tumor of Bone after Treatment with Denosumab Therapy: A Literature Review of Reported Cases.
Review in Cureus, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- De novo osteosarcoma following prolonged denosumab treatment for giant cell tumor of bone at an anatomically distant site: a case report.Skeletal radiology · 2026Article
- Secondary Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Nine Years After Initial Curettage: A Case Report and Literature Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of denosumab de‑escalation in giant cell tumor of bone.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Giant cell tumor of bone and secondary osteoarthritis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Current Concepts in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: An Update.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- A Case of Fibrosarcoma Arising in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: a Rare Entity.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- CT, MRI, and PET/CT imaging features of thoracic spine epithelioid hemangioma: a retrospective observational study.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours.EFORT open reviews · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Clinicopathological and histological analysis of secondary malignant giant cell tumors of bone without radiotherapy.Oncology letters · 2022Article
- Imaging Findings and Clinical Features of Primary Spinal Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Late Local Recurrence of Bone Giant Cell Tumors Associated with an Increased Risk for Malignant Transformation.Cancers · 2021Article
- Denosumab Treatment for Giant Cell Tumors, Aneurysmal Bone Cysts, and Fibrous Dysplasia-Risks and Benefits.Current osteoporosis reports · 2021Review
- The use of denosumab in the setting of acute pathological fracture through giant cell tumour of bone.World journal of surgical oncology · 2021Article
- Is a Short-course of Preoperative Denosumab as Effective as Prolonged Therapy for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2020Article
- Role of (Neo)adjuvant Denosumab for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.Current treatment options in oncology · 2020Review
- Axial giant cell tumor - current standard of practice.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and traumaReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a biologically benign and locally aggressive tumor that most often affects the epiphyseal and metaphyseal sites of long bones in the young adult population. Overexpression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) by cancerous mesenchymal stromal cells stimulates a signal transduction cascade that recruits and activates multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, resulting in pathologic bone resorption. Denosumab, an RANKL inhibitor that blocks the RANKL-mediated osteoclast activation, has been recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of aggressive GCTB. Although uncommon, several studies reported drug-related malignant morphological transformation of benign GCTB following treatment with denosumab therapy. The aim of the article was to review the clinicopathological characteristics of all the reported cases of malignant sarcomatous transformation of GCTB after treatment with denosumab therapy in patients without any history of prior exposure to radiotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.