Trial reportJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2019
An interim report on the investigator-initiated phase 2 study of pembrolizumab immunological response evaluation (INSPIRE).
Trial report in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Preliminary Efficacy from a First-in-Human Study of Volrustomig, a Novel PD-1/CTLA-4 Bispecific Antibody.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent and residual high-grade meningiomas.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Predicting Toxicity and Response to Pembrolizumab Through Germline Genomic HLA Class 1 Analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Trial
- An open-label, phase II multicohort study of an oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 and durvalumab in advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Trial
- Predicting response and toxicity to PD-1 inhibition using serum autoantibodies identified from immuno-mass spectrometry.F1000Research · 2020Trial
- Longitudinal validation of ENLIGHT, an AI predictor of immunotherapy response and resistance, in pan-cancer cohorts.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Pan-Cancer Pre-Treatment ctDNA Detection Using a Highly Sensitive Tumor-Informed Assay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical validation of a tissue-agnostic genome-wide methylome enrichment assay to monitor response to pembrolizumab.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Increased Expression of HLA-DR and CD69 on Peripheral CD4ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Targeting Cell Signalling Pathways with New Small Molecules in Inflammation and Cancer.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Enrichment of decidual CD11c + CD8 + T cells with altered immune function in early pregnancy loss.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A pilot study investigating the effect of pembrolizumab on the tumoral immunoprofile of newly diagnosed mullerian cancers.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Bridging Immune Evasion and Vascular Dynamics for Novel Therapeutic Frontiers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Early Changes in Tumor-Naive Cell-Free Methylomes and Fragmentomes Predict Outcomes in Pembrolizumab-Treated Solid Tumors.Cancer discovery · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Non-Mutated Ovarian Cancer-Specific Antigens.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Tracking in situ checkpoint inhibitor-bound target T cells in patients with checkpoint-induced colitis.Cancer cell · 2024Article
- Tumor reactive γδ T cells contribute to a complete response to PD-1 blockade in a Merkel cell carcinoma patient.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Article
- Review
- Identification of antigenic epitopes recognized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in high grade serous ovarian cancer by multi-omics profiling of the auto-antigen repertoire.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate unprecedented efficacy in multiple malignancies; however, the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance are poorly understood and predictive biomarkers are scarce. INSPIRE is a phase 2 basket study to evaluate the genomic and immune landscapes of peripheral blood and tumors following pembrolizumab treatment.
methodsPatients with incurable, locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors that have progressed on standard therapy, or for whom no standard therapy exists or standard therapy was not deemed appropriate, received 200 mg pembrolizumab intravenously every three weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected at baseline, during treatment, and at progression. One core biopsy was used for immunohistochemistry and the remaining cores were pooled and divided for genomic and immune analyses. Univariable analysis of clinical, genomic, and immunophenotyping parameters was conducted to evaluate associations with treatment response in this exploratory analysis.
resultsEighty patients were enrolled from March 21, 2016 to June 1, 2017, and 129 tumor and 382 blood samples were collected. Immune biomarkers were significantly different between the blood and tissue. T cell PD-1 was blocked (≥98%) in the blood of all patients by the third week of treatment. In the tumor, 5/11 (45%) and 11/14 (79%) patients had T cell surface PD-1 occupance at weeks six and nine, respectively. The proportion of genome copy number alterations and abundance of intratumoral 4-1BB+ PD-1+ CD8 T cells at baseline (P < 0.05), and fold-expansion of intratumoral CD8 T cells from baseline to cycle 2-3 (P < 0.05) were associated with treatment response.
conclusionThis study provides technical feasibility data for correlative studies. Tissue biopsies provide distinct data from the blood and may predict response to pembrolizumab.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.