Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30866953›Full record

ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2019

Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys.

Qiang Yao, Chaojie Liu, Yaoguang Zhang, Ling Xu

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Differences and common ground in the frameworks of health-related quality of life in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Changes in health-related quality of life and inequality in China: evidence from a nationwide repeated cross-sectional survey (2021-2023).Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  3. Evaluating the content validity of the EQ-5D-Y for Chinese children and adolescents.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  4. Socio-demographic disparities in health-related quality of life in hypertensive patients in Bangladesh: a comprehensive survey analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
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  9. Quality of life of the Canadian population using the VR-12: population norms for health utility values, summary component scores and domain scores.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Qiang YaoSchool of Political Science and Public Administration, Institute of Health Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4408-087X
Chaojie LiuSchool of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-0424
Yaoguang ZhangCenter for Health Statistics and Information, National Health Commission, Beijing, China. zhangyg@nhfpc.gov.cn.
Ling XuHealth Human Resources Development Center, National Health Commission, Beijing, China. xuling@nhfpc.gov.cn.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2018QN051National Natural Science Foundation of China 71373183National Natural Science Foundation of China 71603188Social Science Youth Foundation from the Ministry of Education of China 16YJCZH137
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundsThe EuroQol Group Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D) instruments have been validated in China for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and are increasingly being used in health economic studies. However, there is paucity in the literature documenting long-term changes in the EQ-5D results in the Chinese populations. This study aims to identify such changes and their determinants using the EQ-5D-3 L instrument.

methodsData were obtained from the National Health Services Surveys in China, which included the EQ-5D-3 L since 2008. We compared the differences between the 2008 and 2013 surveys in the percentage of reported problems, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and the EQ-5D-3 L utility index derived from the national value sets. Factors associated with population changes in these EQ-5D results were identified using logistic, linear and Tobit regression models, respectively.

resultsCompared with 2008, reported problems in self-care (3.3% vs 3.1%), usual activities (4.8% vs 4.6%) and anxiety/depression (6.4% vs 5.3%) decreased, whereas reported problems in mobility (5.1% vs 5.9%) and pain/discomfort (9.3% vs 12.6%) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in 2013. The regression models revealed a rise (β = 1.61, p < 0.001) in VAS scores, but a slight drop (β = - 0.01, p < 0.001) in utility index in 2013 compared with 2008 after controlling for variations in demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic and residential variables. But the effect sizes of the changes over time (estimated by "average change divided by baseline standard deviation") did not reach the threshold of clinical importance after adjustment for variations in other factors. Higher socioeconomic status (in terms of education, income and residential location) was associated with better EQ-5D-3 L results.

conclusionThe changing trend (decrease) of the utility index is contradictory to that (increase) of the VAS scores, although neither is deemed clinically important. It is evident that socioeconomic and regional disparities in HRQoL exist in China.

Indexed as

Health StatusQuality of LifeActivities of Daily LivingAdultAgedAge FactorsAnxietyChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPainSelf CareChinaEQ-5D-3 LHealth-related quality of lifeNational Health Services Surveys

Identifiers

PMID30866953
PMCPMC6417242

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.