SynthesisBMC public health2019
Social inequities in vaccination coverage among infants and pre-school children in Europe and Australia - a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vaccine equity in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2022Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Incomplete Vaccination in Swedish Two-Year-Olds-A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in recommended childhood vaccinations in Germany: evidence from insurance claims and concentration index decomposition.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- COVID-19 and regional inequalities in childhood vaccination uptake in England: a spline regression.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Socio-demographic disparities in basic under-two immunization coverage: insights from the 2016 Malawi demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effects of the introduction of a routine rotavirus vaccination programme on vaccination coverage and factors in a Japanese municipality: the VENUS Study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic determinants of HPV vaccine awareness, uptake, and intention among parents of adolescents in France 2021-22.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Description of vaccination coverage and hesitancy obtained by epidemiological survey of children born in 2017-2018, in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Parental views and the key role of nurses for high vaccine acceptance in Sweden - a focus group study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Preschool-located influenza vaccination and influenza-like illness surveillance: an Italian pilot experience.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Factors affecting children's HPV vaccination in Austria: Evidence from a parent survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection in Adults, Catalonia, Spain.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities and Vaccine Uptake: An Umbrella Review Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- How Were Healthcare Workers after Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination? A Study of the Emotional Side Effects of Vaccination.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Parents' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Childhood Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Childhood immunisation timeliness and vaccine confidence by health information source, maternal, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics in Albania.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHerd immunity levels of vaccine uptake are still not reached in some high-income countries, usually in countries with persisting social inequities in uptake. Previous studies have focused on factors within one health care system. This study takes a broader health care systems approach by reviewing the socioeconomic distribution of vaccination coverage on the national level in light of structural and organizational differences of primary care for children.
methodsA systematic literature review of socio-economic patterns of uptake of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) and/or Diphteria-Tetanus-Pertusis (DTP) in population based studies of children 0-5 years of age living in the 30 European Economic Area (EEA) or European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and Australia, was carried out using the PRISMA guidelines. The health care system in the countries in the study were categorized by degree of freedom of the primary care provider (hierarchical or non-hierarchical) and whether preventive services were provided in a separate organization (well-baby clinics).
resultsThe review identified 15 studies from 10 European countries and Australia that fulfilled the criteria. Although the heterogeneity of the socio-economic indicators did not allow for a conclusive meta-analysis, the study pointed towards lower levels of inequities in primary care models with well-baby clinics. In non-hierarchical primary care organizations that also lacked well-baby clinics, socioeconomic gaps in uptake were often found to be large.
conclusionThis review indicates that structural and organizational aspects of health care systems for young children are important for equity in vaccine uptake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.