ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2019
The impact of flavors, health risks, secondhand smoke and prices on young adults' cigarette and e-cigarette choices: a discrete choice experiment.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Pooled it
- The application of discrete choice experiments eliciting young peoples' preferences for healthcare: a systematic literature review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of tobacco product type and characteristics on appeal and perceived harm: Results from a discrete choice experiment among Guatemalan adolescents.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- You can't have your cake and eat it too: the paradox of the American public supporting road safety but reluctant to pay the price - evidence from a discrete choice experiment.Journal of safety research · 2025Article
- The impact of e-cigarette product characteristics on attitudes and use susceptibility: an experimental study.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Lil Solid: a more affordable option for heated tobacco products in Guatemala.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Reasons for using electronic cigarettes among young adults aged 18 - 30: a systematic review.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- The Vaper's Perspective: A Qualitative Study of E-Cigarette Users and Smokers in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2024Article
- Unravelling Elements of Value of Healthcare and Assessing their Importance Using Evidence from Two Discrete-Choice Experiments in England.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Article
- Responses to Real-World and Hypothetical E-Cigarette Flavor Bans Among US Young Adults Who Use Flavored E-Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- The Scientific Basis for the Regulation of Flavors in Tobacco Products.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2024Review
- Responses to Real-World and Hypothetical Menthol Flavor Bans Among US Young Adults Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Will tobacco price increases lead more people who smoke to vape? The results from a discrete choice experiment amongst U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2023Article
- A Discrete Choice Analysis Comparing COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions for Children and Adults.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The Economics of Tobacco Regulation: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of economic literature · 2022Article
- Longitudinal associations between flavored tobacco use and tobacco product cessation in a national sample of adults.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Preferences for different features of ENDS products by tobacco product use: a latent class analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Who, me? Optimism bias about US teenagers' ability to quit vaping.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Primary Care Physician Perspectives on Recommending E-cigarettes to Smokers: a Best-Worst Discrete Choice Experiment.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Article
- Impact of Little Cigars and Cigarillos Packaging Features on Product Preference.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo estimate young adults' preferences for cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and how preferences vary by policy-relevant factors. A related aim was to provide information on potential substitution/complementarity across cigarettes and e-cigarettes ahead of policy selection.
designAn online discrete choice experiment (DCE) in which respondents chose their preferred option among cigarettes, two types of e-cigarettes (disposable/reusable) and 'none'. Each cigarette-type was characterized by policy-relevant attributes: flavors, short-term health risks to self, secondhand smoke risks and price. A latent class model identified smoking types that respond differently to these.
settingUS tobacco market.
participantsA total of 2003 young adults (aged 18-22 years) who ever tried either cigarettes or e-cigarettes, recruited via the survey platform Qualtrics, matched to the 2015 National Health Interview Survey by age, gender, education and census region. MEASUREMENTS: Respondents' DCE choices.
findingsYoung adults fell into two broad categories. One latent group, termed 'prefer smoking group', preferred cigarettes and another, 'prefer vaping group', preferred e-cigarettes. The 'prefer smoking group' preferred lower prices and lower health harms more than other attributes. The 'prefer vaping group' valued these, although price less intensely, and valued health and fruit/candy flavors more.
conclusionBanning all flavors in cigarettes and e-cigarettes might improve the health of young adults who ever tried either cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Young adult ever-triers might be deterred from smoking by increasing cigarette prices and encouraged to switch to e-cigarettes by reducing the health harms of e-cigarettes. Reducing health harms of e-cigarettes could also make the 'prefer vaping group' less likely to quit, resulting in increased health harm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.