SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
Reproductive Factors and Mammographic Density: Associations Among 24,840 Women and Comparison of Studies Using Digitized Film-Screen Mammography and Full-Field Digital Mammography.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal Mammographic Breast Density Changes and Associated Factors in Older Korean Women.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2026Article
- Interactions between genetic and epidemiological factors influencing mammographic density.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Reproductive determinants of mammographic density in black women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Breast Density Changes after Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy in Women with a Pathogenic Germline Variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Trajectories of breast density change over time and subsequent breast cancer risk: longitudinal study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Reproductive factors and mammographic density within the International Consortium of Mammographic Density: A cross-sectional study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Association between breastfeeding, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Review
- Reproductive risk factors for breast cancer and association with novel breast density measurements among Hispanic, Black, and White women.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Associations of Vitamins and Related Cofactor Metabolites with Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Breast cancer risk factors and mammographic density among 12518 average-risk women in rural China.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Examination of fully automated mammographic density measures using LIBRA and breast cancer risk in a cohort of 21,000 non-Hispanic white women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- The epidemiologic factors associated with breast density: A review.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2022Review
- Biomarkers of mammographic density in premenopausal women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Benign breast disease and changes in mammographic breast density.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Assessing breast cancer risk within the general screening population: developing a breast cancer risk model to identify higher risk women at mammographic screening.European radiology · 2020Article
- Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Relation to Mammographic Density in 23,456 Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Comparative Validation of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models and Projections for Future Risk Stratification.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast density is a modifiable factor that is strongly associated with breast cancer risk. We sought to understand the influence of newer technologies of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) on breast density research and to determine whether results are comparable across studies using FFDM and previous studies using traditional film-screen mammography. We studied 24,840 screening-age (40-74 years) non-Hispanic white women who were participants in the Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California and underwent screening mammography with either Hologic (Hologic, Inc., Marlborough, Massachusetts) or General Electric (General Electric Company, Boston, Massachusetts) FFDM machines between 2003 and 2013. We estimated the associations of parity, age at first birth, age at menarche, and menopausal status with percent density and dense area as measured by a single radiological technologist using Cumulus software (Canto Software, Inc., San Francisco, California). We found that associations between reproductive factors and mammographic density measured using processed FFDM images were generally similar in magnitude and direction to those from prior studies using film mammography. Estimated associations for both types of FFDM machines were in the same direction. There was some evidence of heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect sizes by machine type, which we accounted for using random-effects meta-analysis when combining results. Our findings demonstrate the robustness of quantitative mammographic density measurements across FFDM and film mammography platforms.
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