Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30864658›Full record

ArticleThe Gerontologist2020

Trajectories of Homebound Status in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 and Older.

Xiaoling Xiang, Jieling Chen, MinHee Kim

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Gerontologist, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Improving Social Connectedness for Homebound Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial of Tele-Delivered Behavioral Activation Versus Tele-Delivered Friendly Visits.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2020
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  8. Correlates of Homebound Status by Rural/Urban Location, Socio-Demographic Characteristics, and Health Status.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
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  11. Associations of Homebound State in Older Adults With Neighborhood Social Cohesion.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
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  12. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiaoling XiangSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Jieling ChenDepartment of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
MinHee KimSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the trajectories of homebound status in older adults and to investigate the risk factors in shaping the pattern of these trajectories. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThe study sample was a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older (N = 7,607) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (Round 1-Round 7). Homebound state was defined as never or rarely went out the home in the last month. Homebound trajectories were identified using an enhanced group-based trajectory modeling that accounted for nonrandom attrition. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine risk factors of homebound trajectories.

resultsThree trajectory groups were identified: the "never" group (65.5%) remained nonhomebound; the "chronic" group were largely persistently homebound (8.3%); and the "onset" group (26.2%) had a rapid increase in their risk of being homebound over the 7-year period. The following factors increased the relative risk for being on the "onset" and "chronic" versus the "never" trajectory: older age, Hispanic ethnicity, social isolation, past or current smoking, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, probable dementia, and use of a walker or wheelchair. Male sex and living alone were associated with a lower risk of being on the "chronic" trajectory, whereas depression and anxiety symptoms, chronic conditions, and activities of daily living limitations increased the risk. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The progression of homebound status among community-dwelling older adults followed three distinct trajectories over a 7-year period. Addressing social isolation and other risk factors may prevent or delay the progression to homebound state.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overChronic DiseaseDementiaDepressionDisease ProgressionFemaleHomebound PersonsHumansIndependent LivingLogistic ModelsMaleMedicareRisk FactorsSocial IsolationDisabilityGroup-based trajectory modelingOutdoor mobility

Identifiers

PMID30864658
PMCPMC7182006

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.