ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2019
Effect of needle diameter, type and volume of contrast agent on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats with discography.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Injectable Scaffolded Spheroids for Nucleus Pulposus Therapy in Degenerated Intervertebral Discs.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- 14. Discogenic Low Back Pain.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Review
- Progress in Discography.Spine surgery and related research · 2023Review
- G3BP1 coordinates lysophagy activity to protect against compression-induced cell ferroptosis during intervertebral disc degeneration.Cell proliferation · 2023Article
- pH-Responsive Delivery of H2 through Ammonia Borane-Loaded Hollow Polydopamine for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Article
- Effect of species, concentration and volume of local anesthetics on intervertebral disk degeneration in rats with discoblock.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Article
- Spheroid-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Oblique lateral interbody fusion stand-alone vs. combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of discogenic low back pain.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Article
- HMGB1-induced autophagy promotes extracellular matrix degradation leading to intervertebral disc degeneration.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeDiscography can increase disc degeneration, but the influence of different discography variables on the degeneration of discs has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of discography variables of needle diameter, type of contrast agent and volume of contrast agent on disc degeneration.
methodsThree separate experiments examined needle diameter, and type and volume of contrast agent. Coccygeal discs (Co7-10) adult male rats were used. X-rays were used to detect the disc height degeneration index at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after the procedure. MRI was used to study the changes in the disc structure and the signal intensity of IVD 2 and 4 weeks after the procedure. Disc water content and histology were measured at 4 weeks after the procedure.
resultsA 21-g needle significantly increased disc degeneration when compared with the 30-g needle as detected by X-ray, MRI, disc water content and histology (P < 0.05). Two microlitres of iodine significantly decreased the disc MRI signal and water content at 4 weeks compared with the same volume of normal saline (P < 0.05). Three microlitres of iodine significantly increased disc degeneration when compared with 2 µl iodine, as detected by X-ray, MRI, disc water content and histology at 4 weeks (P < 0.05).
conclusionTo reduce disc degeneration after discography, it may be best to choose a smaller needle size, minimize the use of contrast agent and use non-ionic contrast agents with osmotic pressure similar to the intervertebral disc. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.