ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2019
Increasing Burden of Hepatic Encephalopathy Among Hospitalized Adults: An Analysis of the 2010-2014 National Inpatient Sample.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Rifaximin Plus Probiotics Reshape Gut Microbiota, Serum Propionate, and Mucosal Immunity in Cirrhosis-Related Hepatic Encephalopathy Microbiota-Immune Remodeling in HE.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Trial
- Establishment and validation of a prognosis nomogram for MIMIC-III patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with hepatic encephalopathy.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Trial
- Reducing the Risk of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Recurrence: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- Rifaximin reduces rehospitalization risk in patients with cirrhosis and overt hepatic encephalopathy.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of shunt embolization on hepatic encephalopathy recurrence in patients with major portosystemic shunts: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Identification of multiple complications as independent risk factors associated with 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality in hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Attenuating hyperammonemia preserves protein synthesis and muscle mass via restoration of perturbed metabolic pathways in bile duct-ligated rats.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- The Role of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Hepatic encephalopathy treatment after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a new perspective on the gut microbiota.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients with hepatic encephalopathy.World journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Akkermansia muciniphila in the small intestine improves liver fibrosis in a murine liver cirrhosis model.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Case Report: Dengue Fever Progressing to Acute Liver Failure and Hepatic Encephalopathy.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Medication burden and anticholinergic use are associated with overt HE in individuals with cirrhosis.Hepatology communications · 2024Article
- Differential Effects of Ascites and Hepatic Encephalopathy on Waitlist Mortality in Liver Transplantation by MELD 3.0.Transplantation direct · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of albumin for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Article
- Inhibition of urease-mediated ammonia production by 2-octynohydroxamic acid in hepatic encephalopathy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Dodder (Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, contributing significant burden on healthcare systems.
aimWe aim to evaluate trends in clinical and economic burden of HE among hospitalized adults in the USA.
methodsUsing the 2010-2014 National Inpatient Sample, we identified adults hospitalized with HE using ICD-9-CM codes. Annual trends in hospitalizations with HE, in-hospital mortality, and hospital charges were stratified by the presence of acute liver failure (ALF) or cirrhosis. Adjusted multivariable regression models were evaluated for predictors of in-hospital mortality and hospitalization charges.
resultsAmong 142,860 hospitalizations with HE (mean age 59.3 years, 57.8% male), 67.7% had cirrhosis and 3.9% ALF. From 2010 to 2014, total number of hospitalizations with HE increased by 24.4% (25,059 in 2010 to 31,182 in 2014, p < 0.001). Similar increases were seen when stratified by ALF (29.7% increase) and cirrhosis (29.7% increase). Overall in-hospital mortality decreased from 13.4% (2010) to 12.3% (2014) (p = 0.001), with similar decreases observed in ALF and cirrhosis. Total inpatient charges increased by 46.0% ($8.15 billion, 2010 to $11.9 billion, 2014). On multivariable analyses, ALF was associated with significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 5.37; 95% CI 4.97-5.80; p < 0.001) as well as higher mean inpatient charges (122.6% higher; 95% CI + 115.0-130.3%; p < 0.001) compared to cirrhosis. The presence of ascites, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatorenal syndrome was associated with increased mortality.
conclusionsThe clinical and economic burden of hospitalizations with HE in the USA continues to rise. In 2014, estimated national economic burden of hospitalizations with HE reached $11.9 billion.
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