ArticleScientific reports2019
Impact of smoking on thyroid gland: dose-related effect of urinary cotinine levels on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Thyroid Autoantibody Levels in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Analysis of external dose rate attenuation and its related factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients following I-131 therapy.EJNMMI physics · 2026Article
- Analysis of the association between water iodine concentration and TyG-BMI index with thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study in Shandong province, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy: The Interaction Between Genetics, Epigenetics and Environmental Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Correlation between estradiol-to-testosterone ratio and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity in men with treatment-naïve primary hypothyroidism or euthyroidism.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Observational
- Exploring the oral-gut microbiota during thyroid cancer: Factors affecting the thyroid functions and cancer development.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Morphometric and volumetric analysis of lacrimal glands in patients with thyroid eye disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Potential Disruption of Systemic Hormone Transport by Tobacco Alkaloids Using Computational Approaches.Toxics · 2022Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Estrogen-Related Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Review
- Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study.Cancers · 2021Article
- Multi-environment gene interactions linked to the interplay between polysubstance dependence and suicidality.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms of Pesticide-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Agricultural Workers and Thyroid Hormone Levels.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Potential mechanisms linking psychological stress to bone health.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
- Hyperthyroidism Prevalence in China After Universal Salt Iodization.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Mercury in the human thyroid gland: Potential implications for thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism.PloS one · 2021Article
- Micronutrient levels and their effects on the prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis treatment, a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Characterization of Fetal Thyroid Levels at Delivery among Appalachian Infants.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Immunological Drivers in Graves' Disease: NK Cells as a Master Switcher.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Challenges in Interpreting Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Results in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Dysfunction.Journal of thyroid research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is believed to affect thyroid function and autoimmune thyroid disease. However, there is little information to analyze their association using objective biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effect of smoking on thyroid hormones and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) using urinary cotinine levels and a population-based cohort. The present study used the thyroid hormone and urinary cotinine dataset from sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014 and 2015, and a total of 4249 participants were included. Dose-response relationships between thyroid hormone (free T4, TSH, and TPO Ab) and urinary cotinine levels were estimated using ANCOVA after adjustment for all variables (age, height, weight, alcohol, exercise, and log- transformed iodine in urine). Urinary cotinine level was negatively correlated with TSH. The estimated coefficients were -0.0711 in males and -0.0941 in females (p < 0.0001). TPO Ab titer was positively correlated with cotinine levels in males (p < 0.0001). Our findings indicated a significant dose-related effect of urinary cotinine level on thyroid function, and thyroid autoimmunity.
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