ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2019
Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 344 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: An EASI survey on current clinical and laboratory practices.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Beyond the Surface: Antinuclear Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Experiences from a Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimizing line blot assays: impact of band intensity adjustment on diagnostic performance in myositis autoantibodies testing.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Retrospective Identification and Quantitative Image Analysis of the ICAP Nuclear Pattern AC-30 in Antinuclear Antibody Testing.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Clinical significance of anti-dense fine speckled 70 antibodies in dense fine speckled immunofluorescence positive patients, systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and controls.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Anti-Cell Staining Patterns in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis: A Peek Behind the Curtain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Detection of Diagnostic Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Focus on Antigens and Technologies.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- Clinical Conditions Associated With a High Antinuclear Antibody Titer in Individuals Without Autoimmune Disease.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Autoantibody hotspots reveal the origin and impact of immunogenic XIST ribonucleoprotein complexes in autoimmune diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence and clinical relevance of systematically tested antimitochondrial antibodies in systemic sclerosis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Complementary use of autoantibody detection methods facilitates diagnosis of juvenile autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Staining patterns of autoantibodies in indirect immunofluorescence for autoimmune diseases of the digestive system: morphological characteristics and clinical significance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond hepatitis C: clinical spectrum and demographic characteristics of anti-rods and rings antibodies in a large ANA-positive cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Acute Heart Failure in Advanced Systemic Sclerosis With Multiorgan Involvement.Case reports in cardiology · 2026Article
- A bidirectional immuno-microfluidic chip for detecting autoantibodies based on an indirect assay.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Article
- VII Brazilian Consensus guidelines for the detection and interpretation of anti-cell autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Revisiting the link between oropharyngeal dysphagia and cancer in autoimmune myositis: a descriptive study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Pilot Study of AI-Assisted ANA Immunofluorescence Reading-Comparison with Classical Visual Interpretation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
14 authors at 12 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) on HEp-2 cells is widely used for detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The dichotomous outcome, negative or positive, is integrated in diagnostic and classification criteria for several systemic autoimmune diseases. However, the HEp-2 IIFA test has much more to offer: besides the titre or fluorescence intensity, it also provides fluorescence pattern(s). The latter include the nucleus and the cytoplasm of interphase cells as well as patterns associated with mitotic cells. The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) initiative has previously reached consensus on the nomenclature and definitions of HEp-2 IIFA patterns. In the current paper, the ICAP consensus is presented on the clinical relevance of the 29 distinct HEp-2 IIFA patterns. This clinical relevance is primarily defined within the context of the suspected disease and includes recommendations for follow-up testing. The discussion includes how this information may benefit the clinicians in daily practice and how the knowledge can be used to further improve diagnostic and classification criteria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.