ArticleJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2019
Sex-specific patterns in the association between salt intake and blood pressure: The ELSA-Brasil study.
Article in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (November 2018 to August 2019).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Integrated mechanisms linking sodium-potassium imbalance to salt-sensitive hypertension.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Prevalence and determinants of healthy and balanced diet among office workers in a sedentary working environment: evidence from Southern Sri Lanka.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Salt's Sex-Specific Impact of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension.Circulation research · 2024Article
- Prediction of 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Machine-Learning Algorithms.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Sex differences in blood pressure regulation and hypertension: renal, hemodynamic, and hormonal mechanisms.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- The association between sodium intake and coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in the general Swedish population.European heart journal open · 2023Article
- Inhibition of salty taste and sodium appetite by estrogens in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Statistics - Brazil 2021.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- Health impacts caused by excessive sodium consumption in Brazil: results of the GBD 2019 study.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Observational
- Endothelial Cullin3 Mutation Impairs Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation and Promotes Salt-Induced Hypertension.Function (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in Blacks and Women: A Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Epithelial NaAntioxidants & redox signaling · 2021Review
- Reply: Salt, Diuretics, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2021Article
- Estimated salt intake and risk of atrial fibrillation in a prospective community-based cohort.Journal of internal medicine · 2021Observational
- Urinary Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure Relationship across Methods of Evaluating the Completeness of 24-h Urine Collections.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The association between salt intake and arterial stiffness is influenced by a sex-specific mediating effect through blood pressure in normotensive adults: The ELSA-Brasil study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Article
- Sex-specific patterns in the association between salt intake and blood pressure: The ELSA-Brasil study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Diabetes Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Among Low-Income Adults in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a strong cardiovascular risk factor, predicting cardiovascular mortality in the general population. High salt consumption is a major contributor of increased BP and hypertension. However, there is a controversy on whether BP response to salt intake would be sex-specific. Thus, we aimed to verify the changes in BP according to different salt intake in men and women in a large sample of adults. The present analysis refers to 12 813 participants (from 35 to 64 years) with a validated 12-hour overnight urine collection in which salt intake was estimated. A set of questionnaires, clinical examination, and laboratory tests were carried out during a single visit to one of the six investigation centers involved. Salt intake was 12.9 ± 5.9 g/d in men and 9.3 ± 4.3 g/d in women. BP increases as salt intake increases, regardless of using BP-lowering medication. The slope of increase in BP elicited by salt intake was significantly higher in women than in men. Thus, the increase in BP by salt intake was stepper in women even after controlling for confounders, regardless of using BP-lowering medication or being hypertensive. In conclusion, salt intake is elevated in this large sample of Brazilian adults in which only a few participants are compliant with the recommendation. Also, women have a higher responsiveness of BP according to salt intake than men, and it is not associated with age, BP level, or the use of BP-lowering medication.
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